- Глава 6. Завершение и код завершения
- Как использовать коды завершения в Bash-скриптах
- Что такое коды завершения
- Что происходит, когда коды завершения не определены
- Как использовать коды завершения в Bash-скриптах
- Проверяем коды завершения
- Создаём собственный код завершения
- Как использовать коды завершения в командной строке
- Дополнительные коды завершения
- Bash get exit code of command on a Linux / Unix
- What is an exit code in bash shell?
- How to find out the exit code of a command
- Bash get exit code of command – How to use exit codes in shell scripts
- How do I set an exit code for my own shell scripts?
- A sample shell script to get the exit code of a command
- Recommend exit code for your shell scripts
- How to deal with the exit codes of all piped commands
- Conclusion
Глава 6. Завершение и код завершения
. эта часть Bourne shell покрыта мраком, тем не менее все пользуются ею.
Команда exit может использоваться для завершения работы сценария, точно так же как и в программах на языке C. Кроме того, она может возвращать некоторое значение, которое может быть проанализировано вызывающим процессом.
Каждая команда возвращает код завершения (иногда код завершения называют возвращаемым значением ). В случае успеха команда должна возвращать 0 , а в случае ошибки — ненулевое значение, которое, как правило, интерпретируется как код ошибки. Практически все команды и утилиты UNIX возвращают 0 в случае успешного завершения, но имеются и исключения из правил.
Аналогичным образом ведут себя функции, расположенные внутри сценария, и сам сценарий, возвращая код завершения. Код, возвращаемый функцией или сценарием, определяется кодом возврата последней команды. Команде exit можно явно указать код возврата, в виде: exit nnn , где nnn — это код возврата (число в диапазоне 0 — 255 ).
Tutorial details | |
---|---|
Difficulty level | Easy |
Root privileges | No |
Requirements | Bash on Linux, macOS or Unix-like OS |
Est. reading time | 2 minutes |
What is an exit code in bash shell?
Every Linux or Unix command executed by the shell script or user has an exit status. Exit status is an integer number. 0 exit status means the command was successful without any errors. A non-zero (1-255 values) exit status means command was a failure.
How to find out the exit code of a command
You need to use a particular shell variable called $? to get the exit status of the previously executed command. To print $? variable use the echo command or printf command:
date
echo $?
date-foo-bar
printf ‘%d\n’ $?
How to get the exit code of a command such as date and date-foo-bar
Bash get exit code of command – How to use exit codes in shell scripts
So how do you store exit status of the command in a shell variable? Simply assign $? to a shell variable. The syntax is:
How do I set an exit code for my own shell scripts?
The exit command cause normal shell script termination. It exits the shell with a status of N. The syntax is:
A sample shell script to get the exit code of a command
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Recommend exit code for your shell scripts
Exit status | Description |
---|---|
1 | Catchall for general errors |
2 | Misuse of shell builtins (according to Bash documentation) |
126 | Command invoked cannot execute |
127 | Command not found |
128 | Invalid argument to exit command |
128+n | Fatal error signal “n” |
130 | Bash script terminated by Control-C |
255* | Exit status out of range |
How to deal with the exit codes of all piped commands
Conclusion
This page showed how to use exit codes on Linux or Unix based system and how to get the exit status/code of command. See man pages by typing the man command or help command:
man bash
help exit
For more info see:
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Comments on this entry are closed.
One of the best Unix exit code tutorial with examples. Thank you. I used it on my macOS macMini desktop.
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Captchas are only needed when posting comments to avoid spam. However, Cloudflare might trigger Captchas when it detects IP address with bad reputation.
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