Презентация пассивный залог в английском языке

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Пассивный залог (passive voice) СП 115 Крылова т. в.

Форма залога показывает, является ли подлежащее в предложении (лицо или предмет) производителем или объектом действия, выраженного сказуемым. Пассивный залог (passive voice) показывает, что лицо или предмет, выраженное подлежащим, испытывает действие на себе: The big cake was baked by Sam. Большой пирог был испечен Сэмом.

Пассивный залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несуществен, или когда действие или его результат более интересны, чем исполнитель. Образование пассивного залога Для того, чтобы получить форму глагола в пассивном залоге, необходим вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) значимого глагола:

This building will be demolished next month. Это здание будет снесено в следующем месяце. My dog has been stolen. Мою собаку украли.

В отрицательных предложениях частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола, а если их несколько, то после первого из них: He has not been seen anywhere. Его нигде не видели.

В вопросительных предложениях вспомогательный глагол (или первый из них) выносится на место перед подлежащим: Was your wallet stolen? Ваш бумажник был украден?

Таблица времен пассивного залога Simple Continuous Perfect Present space is explored space is being explored space has been explored Past space was explored space was being explored space had been explored Future space will be explored — space will have been explored

Пассивный залог не может быть использован во временах группы Perfect Continuous и времени Future Continuous.

Употребление и перевод глаголов в пассивном залоге Значение и употребление времен глагола в пассивном залоге такое же, как и времен глагола в активном залоге. В английском языке в пассивном залоге употребляются переходные глаголы, а также некоторые непереходные глаголы. Примеры предложений с переходными глаголами в пассивном залоге:

By the middle of the nineteenth century about sixty different elements had been discovered. К середине XIX столетия было обнаружено около 60 различных элементов. The delegates will be met at the station. Делегатов встретят на вокзале. While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated. Когда ток проходит по проволоке, последняя нагревается.

Как видно из приведенных примеров, глагол в пассивном залоге в английском языке можно переводить на русский язык несколькими способами: Глаголом, оканчивающимся на -ся, -сь. Сочетанием глагола быть с краткой формой причастия пассивного залога (в русском языке в этом сочетании глагол быть в настоящем времени не употребляется). Глаголом в активном залоге в 3-м лице множественного числа в составе неопределенно-личного предложения.

Дополнение в предложении с глаголом-сказуемым в пассивном залоге употребляется с предлогом by или with. Это дополнение соответствует русскому дополнению в творительном падеже без предлога. Дополнение с предлогом by выражает действующее лицо или действующую силу: The fish was caught by the seagull. Рыба была поймана чайкой. Дополнение с предлогом with выражает орудие действия: Shafts are turned with cutters. Валы обтачиваются резцами.

1. A decision will not _______________ until the next meeting. 2. That old building was dangerous. So it ___________ down. 3. When you go through customs, you luggage ___________ by the customs officer. 4. In the morning I _____________ by my alarm clock. 5. Next year her new book ______________ into a number of foreign languages. 6. John kicked a policeman, so he ____________. 7. After a long search the missing boy _____________ in the forest near the town. 8. Many people think that today too much money ________________ on arms. (arms — зд. оружие.) 9. The injured man couldn’t walk, so he _____________ by the hospital orderlies. 10. I don’t mind driving but I like when I _______________ by other people.

1. A decision will not be made until the next meeting. 2. That old building was dangerous. So it was knocked down. 3. When you go through customs, you luggage is checked by the customs officer. 4. In the morning I was woken by my alarm clock. 5. Next year her new book will be translated into a number of foreign languages. 6. John kicked a policeman, so he was arrested. 7. After a long search the missing boy was found in the forest near the town. 8. Many people think that today too much money is spent on arms. 9. The injured man couldn’t walk, so he was carried by the hospital orderlies. 10. I don’t mind driving but I like when I am driven by other people.

Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог: 1 Do they sell clothes in this shop? . Are clothes sold in this shop. 2 Someone is cleaning the windows. 3 She tapped him on the hand with her pen. 4 I don’t like people laughing at me. 5 People spend a lot of money on food. 6 Is Sue washing the car? 7 Who made this mess? 8 Grandfather is going to tell the children a story. 9 They will open the new sports centre soon. 10 They made him confess to the robbery. 11 Liz showed me some holiday pictures. 12 Sam remembers his friend telling him about the party. 13 They heard him calling for help. 14 Who broke this mug? 15 The jury will have reached a verdict by the morning. 16 The teacher will mark the essays. 17 People make jam from fruit. 18 They sent for the doctor. 19 Clive hasn’t cut the grass yet. 20 They may not repair the car this week.

Ответы к упражнению: Are clothes sold in this shop? Are the windows being cleaned? He was tapped on the hand with her pen. I don’t like being laughed at. A lot of money is spent on food. Is the car being washed by Sue? Who was this mess made by? The children are going to be told a story by the grandfather. The new sport centre will be opened soon. He was made to confess the robbery. Some holiday pictures were shown to me by Liz. Sam remembers being told about the party. He was heard calling for help. Who was this mug broken by? A verdict will have been reached by the jury by the morning. The essays will be marked by the teacher. Jam is made from fruit. The doctor was sent by. The grass hasn’t been cut by Clive yet. The car may not be repaired this week.

Форма залога показывает, является ли подлежащее в предложении (лицо или предмет) производителем или объектом действия, выраженного сказуемым.

Пассивный залог (passive voice) показывает, что лицо или предмет, выраженное подлежащим, испытывает действие на себе:

The big cake was baked by Sam.
Большой пирог был испечен Сэмом.

Пассивный залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несуществен, или когда действие или его результат более интересны, чем исполнитель.

Образование пассивного залога

Для того, чтобы получить форму глагола в пассивном залоге, необходим вспомогательный глагол to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) значимого глагола:

This building will be demolished next month.
Это здание будет снесено в следующем месяце.

My dog has been stolen.
Мою собаку украли.

В отрицательных предложениях частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола, а если их несколько, то после первого из них:

He has not been seen anywhere.
Его нигде не видели.

В вопросительных предложениях вспомогательный глагол (или первый из них) выносится на место перед подлежащим:

Was your wallet stolen?
Ваш бумажник был украден? Таблица времен пассивного залога

Тест по английскому языку 10 класс. Ответы.
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Тест по английскому языку ”NEW millennium ENGLISH” 10 класс. Ответы.

I. Grammar review.

Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct past forms.

Last year Sam and Joanna decided to buy a house. They (1) (save up) for ages , and by the end of April they (2) (put by) enough for the deposit on a house. They (3) (live) in a tiny flat at that time and Joanna (4) (insist) that she wanted a house with a big garden.. They (5) (search) for only a few days when they found exactly what they (6) (look for)-a two-bed –roomed house in a nearly an acre of garden .Unfortunately the owner (7) (ask) much more then they (8) (be) willing to pay, and when they (9) (look) more closely at the interior, they (10) (see) that whoever (11) (live) there before, he (12) (make) an absolute mess of the walls and floors. Still Joanna (13) (like) the garden and the location so much that she (14) (manage) to convince Sam that , despite the price, it (15) (be) the perfect house for them.

2.Modal verbs( may, can, must, could).

Fill in the gaps , using these modal verbs.

1 ..Hello, ….I speak to Tom, please?

2. ….I use your telephone?

3. You….smoke if you like.

4 You ….drive for a year in Britain with an international licence.

5. I borrow your camera?

6.…..I give you a lift?

7. You ….tell anyone what I said.

8. You ….have a passport to visit most foreign countries.

10. If you are 17, you …..drive a car in Britain..

Special introductory verbs.

Rewrite the sentences in reported Speech, using the verbs in the list.

( Deny insist suggest promise refuse admit )

1. “Yes, I lied to you “, she said.
2. “Let’s go to the zoo, shall we?”, he said.
3. “I’ll never do much a thing again “, he said.
4. “I’m not going to let you into my house”, he said.
5. “ You must believe that I didn’t know it was stolen”, he said.
6. “No , I didn’t steal the money”, he said.

Fill in each gap with a preposition.

The Rio carnival in Brazil.

This festival is the largest (1)….the world. Hundreds (2) ….thousands (3) …visitors come every year (4)….for celebrations(5)….the start (6)…Lent. The carnival takes place (7)…the Sambadrome, a huge new stadium. . There samba schools compete (8)…each other (9)….the best costumes and dancing. They spend a lot (10) ….time and money (11) ….carnival preparations making fantastic costumes, masks, decorations, mobile floats and teaching the samba. (12) …the past , the carnival procession was held (13)….the streets (14) ….Rio, where beautifully clothed people threw streamers and confetti and danced(15)…for days.
Nowadays , the world’s biggest street party has became a pleasure only (16)…those who can afford the entrance fee.

5.Word-buiding. Complete the table.

II .Lexical review.

1. Choose the best alternative to fill in the gaps in each of the following sentences (Units III, IV).

1) We have a ….tradition of hunting every fall.

d) long standing.

2) This church dates….the 13th century.

3) Give the….to the dog.

4) The living conditions in this ….country have improved slightly .

5) The charity provides homeless people with…..like food and clothing.

a) goods; b) basic rights; c) essentials; d) leaflets.

6) She was ….for a year before she a job.got

a) out of the dole; b) on the dole; c) on the debt; d) without a dole.

7) Look! Mary has just bought a new Ferrari. She has always been a …. .

8) I’m ….a new house. a) saving on; b) saving out; c) saving for; d) saving over.

2.Fill in the gaps with the words: Essential fireworks theatre festival spectators

Carnival celebration parade

ST. Patrick’s Festival.

2. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box..

ST. Patrick,s Festival has been in existence since 1996. From a one-day (1) ….it has developed into a 5- day (2) …. , the largest in Ireland. It takes place in March in Dublin. (3) …..of music , street (4) …. ,(5) ….and dances attract a lot of participants and (6) … . The ….has become an (8) ….element of festival.

1. 1)had been saving up; 2) had put by; 3) were living; 4) insisted; 5) had been searching; 6) were looking for/ had been looking for; 7) was asking; 8) were; 9) looked; 10) saw; 11) had been living; 12) had made; 13) liked; 14) managed; 15) was.

1. 1) can; 2) could; 3 )may; 4) can; 5) could; 6) can; 7) mustn’t 8) must 9) may; 10) can’t.

1. 1) She admitted lying to me. 2).He suggested going to the zoo. 3) He promised never to do (he would never do ) such a thing again. 4) He refused to let me into his house . 6) He denied stealing the money. 5).He insisted he hadn’t known it had been stolen.

1. 1) in; 2) of; 3) of; 4) for; 5) before; 6) of; 7) in; 8) with; 9) for; 10) of; 11) on; 12) in; 13)in; 14) of; 15) for; 16) for.

5 1) confidence – confide – confident; 2) defence – defend – defensive; 3) security – secure – secure / insecure; 4) tension – tense – tense ;

5) perception – perceive – perceptive. lexical review.1. 1)d ; 2) a;3) d;4) a: 5) c; 6) b;7) a; 8) c.

2. 1)celebration; 2) festival; 3) carnival; 4) theatre; 5) fireworks; 6)spectators; 7) parade; 8) essential.

Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог:

1 Do they sell clothes in this shop?
. Are clothes sold in this shop.

2 Someone is cleaning the windows.
3 She tapped him on the hand with her pen.
4 I don’t like people laughing at me.
5 People spend a lot of money on food.
6 Is Sue washing the car?
7 Who made this mess?
8 Grandfather is going to tell the children a story.
9 They will open the new sports centre soon.
10 They made him confess to the robbery.
11 Liz showed me some holiday pictures.
12 Sam remembers his friend telling him about the party.
13 They heard him calling for help.
14 Who broke this mug?
15 The jury will have reached a verdict by the morning.
16 The teacher will mark the essays.
17 People make jam from fruit.
18 They sent for the doctor.
19 Clive hasn’t cut the grass yet.
20 They may not repair the car this week.

Ответы к упражнению:

1. Are clothes sold in this shop?
2. Are the windows being cleaned?
3. He was tapped on the hand with her pen.
4. I don’t like being laughed at.
5. A lot of money is spent on food.
6. Is the car being washed by Sue?
7. Who was this mess made by?
8. The children are going to be told a story by the grandfather.
9. The new sport centre will be opened soon.
10. He was made to confess the robbery.
11. Some holiday pictures were shown to me by Liz.
12. Sam remembers being told about the party.
13. He was heard calling for help.
14. Who was this mug broken by?
15. A verdict will have been reached by the jury by the morning.
16. The essays will be marked by the teacher.
17. Jam is made from fruit.
18. The doctor was sent by.
19. The grass hasn’t been cut by Clive yet.
20. The car may not be repaired this week.