Sort by numbers linux

SORT command in Linux/Unix with examples

SORT command is used to sort a file, arranging the records in a particular order. By default, the sort command sorts file assuming the contents are ASCII. Using options in the sort command can also be used to sort numerically.

• SORT command sorts the contents of a text file, line by line.
• sort is a standard command-line program that prints the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed in its argument list in sorted order.
• The sort command is a command-line utility for sorting lines of text files. It supports sorting alphabetically, in reverse order, by number, by month, and can also remove duplicates.
• The sort command can also sort by items not at the beginning of the line, ignore case sensitivity, and return whether a file is sorted or not. Sorting is done based on one or more sort keys extracted from each line of input.
• By default, the entire input is taken as the sort key. Blank space is the default field separator.

The sort command follows these features as stated below:

1. Lines starting with a number will appear before lines starting with a letter.
2. Lines starting with a letter that appears earlier in the alphabet will appear before lines starting with a letter that appears later in the alphabet.
3. Lines starting with a lowercase letter will appear before lines starting with the same letter in uppercase.

Examples

Suppose you create a data file with name file.txt:

Sorting a file: Now use the sort command

Syntax :

Note: This command does not actually change the input file, i.e. file.txt.

Sort function with mix file i.e. uppercase and lower case: When we have a mix file with both uppercase and lowercase letters then first the upper case letters would be sorted following with the lower case letters.

Example:

Create a file mix.txt

Now use the sort command

Options with sort function:

1. -o Option: Unix also provides us with special facilities like if you want to write the output to a new file, output.txt, redirects the output like this or you can also use the built-in sort option -o, which allows you to specify an output file.

Using the -o option is functionally the same as redirecting the output to a file.

Note: Neither one has an advantage over the other.

Example: The input file is the same as mentioned above.

Syntax:

2. -r Option: Sorting In Reverse Order: You can perform a reverse-order sort using the -r flag. the -r flag is an option of the sort command which sorts the input file in reverse order i.e. descending order by default.

Example: The input file is the same as mentioned above.

Syntax :

3. -n Option: To sort a file numerically used –n option. -n option is also predefined in Unix as the above options are. This option is used to sort the file with numeric data present inside.

Example :

Let us consider a file with numbers:

Syntax:

4. -nr option: To sort a file with numeric data in reverse order we can use the combination of two options as stated below.

Example: The numeric file is the same as above.

Syntax :

5. -k Option: Unix provides the feature of sorting a table on the basis of any column number by using -k option.

Use the -k option to sort on a certain column. For example, use “-k 2” to sort on the second column.

Example :

Let us create a table with 2 columns

Syntax :

6. -c option: This option is used to check if the file given is already sorted or not & checks if a file is already sorted pass the -c option to sort. This will write to standard output if there are lines that are out of order. The sort tool can be used to understand if this file is sorted and which lines are out of order

Example :

Suppose a file exists with a list of cars called cars.txt.

Syntax :

7. -u option: To sort and remove duplicates pass the -u option to sort. This will write a sorted list to standard output and remove duplicates.
This option is helpful as the duplicates being removed give us a redundant file.

Example: Suppose a file exists with a list of cars called cars.txt.

Syntax :

8. -M Option: To sort by month pass the -M option to sort. This will write a sorted list to standard output ordered by month name.

Example:

Suppose the following file exists and is saved as months.txt

Using The -M option with sort allows us to order this file.

Application and uses of sort command:

1. It can sort any type of file be it table file text file numeric file and so on.
2. Sorting can be directly implemented from one file to another without the present work being hampered.
3. Sorting of table files on the basis of columns has been made way simpler and easier.
4. So many options are available for sorting in all possible ways.
5. The most beneficial use is that a particular data file can be used many times as no change is made in the input file provided.
6. Original data is always safe and not hampered.

Источник

Команда sort в Linux

Сегодня мы поговорим о команде sort. Это утилита для вывода текстовых строк в определенном порядке. Проще говоря, для сортировки. Ее можно использовать для сортировки текста из одного или нескольких файлов или c помощью нее может быть выполнена сортировка вывода linux для какой-либо команды. Это может быть полезно во многих случаях. Например, отсортировать файлы по размеру в выводе команды du или собрать частотность использования команд из истории.

В этой инструкции мы подробно рассмотрим возможности команды sort Linux, ее опции и разберем несколько примеров использования.

Синтаксис

Уже по традиции подобных статей, сначала рассмотрим общий синтаксис команды:

$ sort опции файл

$ команда | sort опции

Опции

Теперь рассмотрим основные опции утилиты sort.

• -b — не учитывать пробелы
• -d — использовать для сортировки только буквы и цифры
• -i — сортировать только по ASCII символах
• -n — сортировка строк linux по числовому значению
• -r — сортировать в обратном порядке
• -с — проверить был ли отсортирован файл
• -o — вывести результат в файл
• -u — игнорировать повторяющиеся строки
• -m — объединение ранее отсортированных файлов
• -k — указать поле по которому нужно сортировать строки, если не задано, сортировка выполняется по всей строке.
• -f — использовать в качестве разделителя полей ваш символ вместо пробела.

Я понимаю, что многое из всего этого может быть непонятно, но на примерах все станет намного яснее.

Примеры использования sort

Наконец-то мы добрались к теме примеры sort Linux. Давайте сначала создадим файл с несколькими строками, на котором и будем проверять возможности утилиты.

computer
mouse
LAPTOP
data
RedHat
laptop
debian
laptop

Также можно воспользоваться вот такой командой:

echo -e «computer\nmouse\nLAPTOP\ndata\nRedHat\nlaptop\ndebian\nlaptop» > test.txt

Опция -e указывает команде, что нужно обрабатывать спецсимволы, а \n, если кто не знает, не что иное как спецсимвол перевода строки в Linux.

1. Сортировка

Теперь давайте выполним сортировку строк linux в нашем файле:

computer
data
debian
laptop
laptop
LAPTOP
mouse
RedHat

Вот несколько принципов, по которым команда sort linux сортирует строки:

• Строки с цифрами размещаются выше других строк
• Строки, начинающиеся с букв нижнего регистра размещаются выше
• Сортировка выполняется в соответствии алфавиту
• Строки сначала сортируются по алфавиту, а уже вторично по другим правилам.

2. Обратная сортировка

Отсортируем файл в обратном порядке:

RedHat
mouse
LAPTOP
laptop
laptop
debian
data
computer

3. Сортировка по колонке

Отсортируем вывод команды ls по девятой колонке, то есть по имени файла или папки. Колонку укажем опцией -k:

drwxr-xr-x 6 user user 4096 дек 6 14:29 Android
drwx—— 3 user user 4096 янв 14 22:18 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 12 user user 4096 янв 14 21:49 Documents
drwx—— 5 user user 12288 янв 15 14:59 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 7 user user 4096 янв 13 11:42 Lightworks

Сортировка вывода Linux выполняется так же просто как и строк из файла.

4. Сортировка по номеру

Отсортируем вывод команды ls по второй колонке. Для сортировки по числовому значению используется опция -n:

drwx—— 5 user user 12288 янв 15 14:59 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 6 user user 4096 дек 6 14:29 Android
drwxr-xr-x 7 user user 4096 июн 10 2015 Sources
drwxr-xr-x 7 user user 4096 окт 31 15:08 VirtualBox
drwxr-xr-x 7 user user 4096 янв 13 11:42 Lightworks
drwxr-xr-x 8 user user 12288 янв 11 12:33 Pictures

5. Удаление дубликатов

Команда sort Linux позволяет не только сортировать строки, но и удалять дубликаты. Для этого есть опция -u:

computer
data
debian
laptop
LAPTOP
mouse
RedHat

Теперь строчка laptop не повторяется.

6. Сортировка по нескольким полям

Мы можем сортировать данные по нескольким полям. Например, отсортируем вывод ls по второму первично и вторично девятому полях:

ls -l | sort -t «,» -nk2,5 -k9

drwxr-xr-x 2 seriyyy95 seriyyy95 4096 дек 6 14:32 Links
drwxr-xr-x 2 seriyyy95 seriyyy95 4096 янв 13 10:43 tmp
drwx—— 3 seriyyy95 seriyyy95 4096 янв 14 22:18 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 3 seriyyy95 seriyyy95 4096 мар 28 2015 Журналы
drwx—— 4 seriyyy95 seriyyy95 12288 янв 15 15:42 Загрузки

Вот и все. Мы немного приоткрыли занавесу над возможностями сортировки строк linux с помощью команды sort. Если у вас остались вопросы — спрашивайте в комментариях!

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10 Useful Examples of the Sort Command in Linux

Sort command in Linux

The sort command arranges text lines in useful ways. This simple tool can help you quickly sort information from the command line.

Syntax

You should note a few thing:

• When you use sort without any options, the default rules are enforced. It helps to understand the default rules to avoid unexpected outcomes.
• When using sort, your original data is safe. The results of your input are displayed on the command line only. However, you can specify output to a separate file if you wish. More on that later.
• Sort was originally designed for use with ASCII characters. I did not test for this, but it is possible that different encodings may produce unexpected results.

The default rules in the sort command

These are the default rules when using sort. The first few examples will clarify how these priorties are managed. Then we will look at specialized options.

• numbers > letters
• lowercase > uppercase

Examples of the sort command

Let me show you some examples of sort command that you can use in various situations.

1. Sort in alphabetical order

The default sort command makes it easy to view information in alphabetical order. No options are necessary and even with mixed-case entries, A-Z sorting works as expected.

I am going to use a sample text file named filename.txt and if you view the content of the file, this is what you’ll see:

Now if you use sort command on it:

Here’s the alphabetically sorted output:

2. Sort on numerical value [option -n]

Let’s take the same list we used for the previous example and sort in numerical order. In case you were wondering, the list reflects the most popular Linux distributions (July, 2019) according to distrowatch.com.

I will modify the contents of the file so that the items are numbered, but out of order as shown below.

After sorting, the result is:

Looks good, right? Can you rely on this method to arrange your data accurately, though? Probably not. Let’s look at another example to find out why.

Here’s my new sample text:

Now, if I use the sort command without any options, here’s what I get:

NOTE: Numbers are sorted by their leading characters only.

When you add the -n option, the numerical value of the string is now being evaluated rather than only the first character. Now, you can see below that our list is properly sorted.

Now you’ll have the correctly sorted output:

3. Sort in reverse order [option -r]

For this one, I am going to use our distro list again. The reverse function is self-explanatory. It will reverse the order of whatever content you have in your file.

And here you have the output text in reverse order:

4. Random sort [option -R]

If you accidentally mashed your shift key while attempting the reverse function, you might have gotten some strange results. -R rearranges output in randomized order.

Here’s the randomly sorted output:

5. Sort by months [option -M]

Sort also has built in functionality to arrange by month. It recognizes several formats based on locale-specific information. I tried to demonstrate some unqiue tests to show that it will arrange by date-day, but not year. Month abbreviations display before full-names.

Here is the sample text file in this example:

Let’s sort it by months using the -M option:

Here’s the output you’ll see:

6. Save the sorted results to another file

As I mentioned earlier, sort does not change the original file by default. If you need to save the sorted content, it can be done.

For this example, I’ve created a new file where I want the sorted information to be printed and saved with the name filename_sorted.txt.

Caution: If you try to direct your sorted data to the same file, it will erase the contents of your file.

If you use cat command on the output file, this will be its contents:

7. Sort Specific Column [option -k]

If you have a table in your file, you can use the -k option to specify which column to sort. I added some arbitrary numbers as a third column and will display the output sorted by each column. I’ve included several examples to show the variety of output possible. Options are added following the column number.

This will sort the text on the second column in alphabetical order:

This will sort the text by the numerals on the third column.

Same as the above command just that the sort order has been reversed.

8. Sort and remove duplicates [option -u]

If you have a file with potential duplicates, the -u option will make your life much easier. Remember that sort will not make changes to your original data file. I chose to create a new file with just the items that are duplicates. Below you’ll see the input and then the contents of each file after the command is run.

Here’s the output files sorted and without duplicates.

9. Ignore case while sorting [option -f]

Many modern distros running sort will implement ignore case by default. If yours does not, adding the -f option will produce the expected results.

Here’s the output where cases are ignored by the sort command:

10. Sort by human numeric values [option -h]

This option allows the comparison of alphanumeric values like 1k (i.e. 1000).

Here’s the sorted output:

I hope this tutorial helped you get the basic usage of the sort command in Linux. Sort command is often used in conjugation with the uniq command in Linux for uniquely sorting text files.

If you have some cool sort trick, why not share it with us in the comment section?

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