Preprocessing:

Preprocessing:

Preprocessing:

— CHANGE_PER_SECOND

Preprocessing:

— CHANGE_PER_SECOND

Preprocessing:

— CHANGE_PER_SECOND

Preprocessing:

— CHANGE_PER_SECOND

Preprocessing:

в›”пёЏON_FAIL: CUSTOM_VALUE -> 0

— JAVASCRIPT: return (value==’9223372036854775807′ ? 0 : value)

Preprocessing:

— JSONPATH: $[?(@.Name == «<#IFNAME>«)].AdapterTypeId.first()

Preprocessing:

— JSONPATH: $[?(@.Name == «<#IFNAME>«)].NetConnectionStatus.first()

This macro is used in Service discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

This macro is used in Service discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

Filter:

Items collected

Triggers

The service has a state other than «Running» for the last three times.

Feedback

Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com

Windows by Zabbix agent

Overview

For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher
New official Windows template. Requires agent of Zabbix 4.4 and newer.

This template was tested on:

• Windows, version 7 and newer.
• Windows Server, version 2008 R2 and newer.

Setup

Install Zabbix agent on Windows OS according to Zabbix documentation.

Zabbix configuration

No specific Zabbix configuration is required.

Template links

Discovery rules

Items collected

Triggers

Feedback

Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com

You can also provide a feedback, discuss the template or ask for help with it at ZABBIX forums.

Windows CPU by Zabbix agent active

Overview

For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher

Setup

Refer to the vendor documentation.

Zabbix configuration

No specific Zabbix configuration is required.

Macros used

The critical threshold of the % Interrupt Time counter.

The threshold of the % Privileged Time counter.

The threshold of the Processor Queue Length counter.

The critical threshold of the CPU utilization in %.

Template links

There are no template links in this template.

Discovery rules

Items collected

CPU utilization in %

The Processor Information\% Interrupt Time is the time the processor spends receiving and servicing

hardware interrupts during sample intervals. This value is an indirect indicator of the activity of

devices that generate interrupts, such as the system clock, the mouse, disk drivers, data communication

lines, network interface cards and other peripheral devices. This is an easy way to identify a potential

hardware failure. This should never be higher than 20%.

Context Switches/sec is the combined rate at which all processors on the computer are switched from one thread to another.

Context switches occur when a running thread voluntarily relinquishes the processor, is preempted by a higher priority ready thread, or switches between user-mode and privileged (kernel) mode to use an Executive or subsystem service.

It is the sum of Thread\Context Switches/sec for all threads running on all processors in the computer and is measured in numbers of switches.

There are context switch counters on the System and Thread objects. This counter displays the difference between the values observed in the last two samples, divided by the duration of the sample interval.

The Processor Information\% Privileged Time counter shows the percent of time that the processor is spent

executing in Kernel (or Privileged) mode. Privileged mode includes services interrupts inside Interrupt

Service Routines (ISRs), executing Deferred Procedure Calls (DPCs), Device Driver calls and other kernel-mode

functions of the WindowsВ® Operating System.

Processor DPC time is the time that a single processor spent receiving and servicing deferred procedure

calls (DPCs). DPCs are interrupts that run at a lower priority than standard interrupts. % DPC Time is a

component of % Privileged Time because DPCs are executed in privileged mode. If a high % DPC Time is

sustained, there may be a processor bottleneck or an application or hardware related issue that can

significantly diminish overall system performance.

The Processor Information\% User Time counter shows the percent of time that the processor(s) is spent executing

The number of logical processors available on the computer.

The Processor Queue Length shows the number of threads that are observed as delayed in the processor Ready Queue

and are waiting to be executed.

Triggers

CPU utilization is too high. The system might be slow to respond.

«The CPU Interrupt Time in the last 5 minutes exceeds <$CPU.INTERRUPT.CRIT.MAX>%.»

The Processor Information\% Interrupt Time is the time the processor spends receiving and servicing

hardware interrupts during sample intervals. This value is an indirect indicator of the activity of

devices that generate interrupts, such as the system clock, the mouse, disk drivers, data communication

lines, network interface cards and other peripheral devices. This is an easy way to identify a potential

hardware failure. This should never be higher than 20%.

Depends on:

— High CPU utilization (over <$CPU.UTIL.CRIT>% for 5m)

The CPU privileged time in the last 5 minutes exceeds <$CPU.PRIV.CRIT.MAX>%.

Depends on:

— CPU interrupt time is too high (over <$CPU.INTERRUPT.CRIT.MAX>% for 5m)

— High CPU utilization (over <$CPU.UTIL.CRIT>% for 5m)

The CPU Queue Length in the last 5 minutes exceeds <$CPU.QUEUE.CRIT.MAX>. According to actual observations, PQL should not exceed the number of cores * 2. To fine-tune the conditions, use the macro <$CPU.QUEUE.CRIT.MAX >.

Depends on:

— High CPU utilization (over <$CPU.UTIL.CRIT>% for 5m)

Feedback

Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com

Windows memory by Zabbix agent active

Overview

For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher

Setup

Refer to the vendor documentation.

Zabbix configuration

No specific Zabbix configuration is required.

Macros used

The warning threshold of the Memory Pages/sec counter.

The warning threshold of the Free System Page Table Entries counter.

The warning threshold of the Memory util item.

The warning threshold of the minimum free swap.

Template links

There are no template links in this template.

Discovery rules

Items collected

Used memory in Bytes

Total memory in Bytes

Memory utilization in %

Cache Bytes is the sum of the Memory\System Cache Resident Bytes, Memory\System Driver Resident Bytes,

Memory\System Code Resident Bytes, and Memory\Pool Paged Resident Bytes counters. This counter displays

the last observed value only; it is not an average.

The free space of swap volume/file in bytes.

The free space of swap volume/file in percent.

The total space of swap volume/file in bytes.

This indicates the number of page table entries not currently in use by the system. If the number is less

than 5,000, there may well be a memory leak or you running out of memory.

Page Faults/sec is the average number of pages faulted per second. It is measured in number of pages

faulted per second because only one page is faulted in each fault operation, hence this is also equal

to the number of page fault operations. This counter includes both hard faults (those that require

disk access) and soft faults (where the faulted page is found elsewhere in physical memory.) Most

processors can handle large numbers of soft faults without significant consequence. However, hard faults,

which require disk access, can cause significant delays.

This measures the rate at which pages are read from or written to disk to resolve hard page faults.

If the value is greater than 1,000, as a result of excessive paging, there may be a memory leak.

This measures the size, in bytes, of the non-paged pool. This is an area of system memory for objects

that cannot be written to disk but instead must remain in physical memory as long as they are allocated.

There is a possible memory leak if the value is greater than 175MB (or 100MB with the /3GB switch).

A typical Event ID 2019 is recorded in the system event log.

Triggers

The system is running out of free memory.

This trigger is ignored, if there is no swap configured

Depends on:

— High memory utilization (><$MEMORY.UTIL.MAX>% for 5m)

The Memory Free System Page Table Entries is less than <$MEM.PAGE_TABLE_CRIT.MIN>for 5 minutes. If the number is less than 5,000, there may well be a memory leak.

Depends on:

— High memory utilization (><$MEMORY.UTIL.MAX>% for 5m)

The Memory Pages/sec in the last 5 minutes exceeds <$MEM.PAGE_SEC.CRIT.MAX>. If the value is greater than 1,000, as a result of excessive paging, there may be a memory leak.

Depends on:

— High memory utilization (><$MEMORY.UTIL.MAX>% for 5m)

Feedback

Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com

Windows filesystems by Zabbix agent active

Overview

For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher

Setup

Refer to the vendor documentation.

Zabbix configuration

No specific Zabbix configuration is required.

Macros used

This macro is used in filesystems discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

This macro is used in filesystems discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

This macro is used in filesystems discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

This macro is used in filesystems discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

This macro is used in filesystems discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

This macro is used in filesystems discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level.

The critical threshold of the filesystem utilization in percent.

The warning threshold of the filesystem utilization in percent.

Template links

There are no template links in this template.

Discovery rules

Discovery of file systems of different types.

Name	Description	Type	Key and additional info
Mounted filesystem discovery	ZABBIX_ACTIVE	vfs.fs.discovery Filter: Items collected Used storage in Bytes Total space in Bytes Space utilization in % for Group Name Description Type Key and additional info Filesystems <#FSNAME>: Used space ZABBIX_ACTIVE vfs.fs.size[<#FSNAME>,used] Filesystems <#FSNAME>: Total space ZABBIX_ACTIVE vfs.fs.size[<#FSNAME>,total] Filesystems <#FSNAME>: Space utilization ZABBIX_ACTIVE vfs.fs.size[<#FSNAME>,pused] Triggers Two conditions should match: First, space utilization should be above <$VFS.FS.PUSED.MAX.CRIT:"<#FSNAME>«>. Second condition should be one of the following: — The disk free space is less than 5G. — The disk will be full in less than 24 hours. Manual close: YES Two conditions should match: First, space utilization should be above <$VFS.FS.PUSED.MAX.WARN:"<#FSNAME>«>. Second condition should be one of the following: — The disk free space is less than 10G. — The disk will be full in less than 24 hours. Manual close: YES Depends on: Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com Windows physical disks by Zabbix agent active Overview For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher Setup Refer to the vendor documentation. Zabbix configuration No specific Zabbix configuration is required. Macros used This macro is used in physical disks discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in physical disks discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. Disk read average response time (in s) before the trigger would fire. The warning threshold of disk time utilization in percent. Disk write average response time (in s) before the trigger would fire. Template links There are no template links in this template. Discovery rules Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info <#FSNAME>: Disk space is critically low (used > <$VFS.FS.PUSED.MAX.CRIT:"<#FSNAME>«>%) ,pused].last()>><$VFS.FS.PUSED.MAX.CRIT:"<#FSNAME>«> and ((,total].last()>-,used].last()>) AVERAGE ,pused].last()>><$VFS.FS.PUSED.MAX.WARN:"<#FSNAME>«> and ((,total].last()>-,used].last()>) WARNING Discovery of installed physical disks. Name Description Type Key and additional info Physical disks discovery ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_instance_en.discovery[PhysicalDisk] Preprocessing: Filter: Items collected Rate of read operations on the disk. Rate of write operations on the disk. Current average disk queue, the number of requests outstanding on the disk at the time the performance data is collected. This item is the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive was busy servicing read or writes requests. The average time for read requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time spent by the requests in queue and the time spent servicing them. The average time for write requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time spent by the requests in queue and the time spent servicing them. Average disk read queue, the number of requests outstanding on the disk at the time the performance data is collected. Average disk write queue, the number of requests outstanding on the disk at the time the performance data is collected. Group Name Description Type Key and additional info Storage <#DEVNAME>: Disk read rate ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Disk Reads/sec»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Disk write rate ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Disk Writes/sec»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Disk average queue size (avgqu-sz) ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Current Disk Queue Length»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Disk utilization ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\% Disk Time»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Disk read request avg waiting time ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Avg. Disk sec/Read»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Disk write request avg waiting time ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Avg. Disk sec/Write»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Average disk read queue length ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Avg. Disk Read Queue Length»,60] Storage <#DEVNAME>: Average disk write queue length ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\PhysicalDisk(<#DEVNAME>)\Avg. Disk Write Queue Length»,60] Triggers The disk appears to be under heavy load Manual close: YES Depends on: — <#DEVNAME>: Disk read request responses are too high (read > <$VFS.DEV.READ.AWAIT.WARN:"<#DEVNAME>«>s for 15m — <#DEVNAME>: Disk write request responses are too high (write > <$VFS.DEV.WRITE.AWAIT.WARN:"<#DEVNAME>«>s for 15m) This trigger might indicate disk <#DEVNAME>saturation. Manual close: YES This trigger might indicate disk <#DEVNAME>saturation. Manual close: YES Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com Windows generic by Zabbix agent active Overview For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher Setup Refer to the vendor documentation. Zabbix configuration No specific Zabbix configuration is required. Macros used The threshold for difference of system time in seconds. Template links There are no template links in this template. Discovery rules Items collected Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info <#DEVNAME>: Disk is overloaded (util > <$VFS.DEV.UTIL.MAX.WARN>% for 15m) <#DEVNAME>: Disk read request responses are too high (read > <$VFS.DEV.READ.AWAIT.WARN:"<#DEVNAME>«>s for 15m )\Avg. Disk sec/Read»,60].min(15m)> > <$VFS.DEV.READ.AWAIT.WARN:"<#DEVNAME>«> WARNING <#DEVNAME>: Disk write request responses are too high (write > <$VFS.DEV.WRITE.AWAIT.WARN:"<#DEVNAME>«>s for 15m) )\Avg. Disk sec/Write»,60].min(15m)> > <$VFS.DEV.WRITE.AWAIT.WARN:"<#DEVNAME>«> WARNING System local time of the host. System host name. The number of threads used by all running processes. Operating system architecture of the host. Group Name Description Type Key and additional info General System local time ZABBIX_ACTIVE system.localtime General System name ZABBIX_ACTIVE system.hostname Preprocessing: System description of the host. ZABBIX_ACTIVE system.uname Preprocessing: The number of processes. ZABBIX_ACTIVE proc.num[] General Number of threads ZABBIX_ACTIVE perf_counter_en[«\System\Threads»] Inventory Operating system architecture ZABBIX_ACTIVE system.sw.arch Preprocessing: System uptime in ‘N days, hh:mm:ss’ format. ZABBIX_ACTIVE system.uptime Triggers The host system time is different from the Zabbix server time. Manual close: YES System name has changed. Ack to close. Manual close: YES Manual close: YES Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com Windows network by Zabbix agent active Overview For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher Setup Refer to the vendor documentation. Zabbix configuration No specific Zabbix configuration is required. Macros used This macro is used in Network interface discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Network interface discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Network interface discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Network interface discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Network interface discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Network interface discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info System time is out of sync (diff with Zabbix server > <$SYSTEM.FUZZYTIME.MAX>s) System name has changed (new name: ) Host has been restarted (uptime WARNING Miniport|Virtual|Teredo|Kernel|Loopback|Bluetooth|HTTPS|6to4|QoS|Layer Template links There are no template links in this template. Discovery rules Discovery of installed network interfaces. Name Description Type Key and additional info Network interfaces discovery DEPENDENT net.if.discovery Preprocessing: — JAVASCRIPT: Text is too long. Please see the template. Filter: Items collected Incoming traffic on the network interface. Outgoing traffic on the network interface. The number of incoming packets dropped on the network interface. The number of outgoing packets dropped on the network interface. The number of incoming packets with errors on the network interface. The number of outgoing packets with errors on the network interface. Estimated bandwidth of the network interface if any. The type of the network interface. The operational status of the network interface. Raw data of win32_networkadapter. Group Name Description Type Key and additional info Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Bits received ZABBIX_ACTIVE net.if.in[«<#IFNAME>«] Preprocessing: Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Bits sent ZABBIX_ACTIVE net.if.out[«<#IFNAME>«] Preprocessing: Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Inbound packets discarded ZABBIX_ACTIVE net.if.in[«<#IFNAME>«,dropped] Preprocessing: — CHANGE_PER_SECOND Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Outbound packets discarded ZABBIX_ACTIVE net.if.out[«<#IFNAME>«,dropped] Preprocessing: — CHANGE_PER_SECOND Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Inbound packets with errors ZABBIX_ACTIVE net.if.in[«<#IFNAME>«,errors] Preprocessing: — CHANGE_PER_SECOND Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Outbound packets with errors ZABBIX_ACTIVE net.if.out[«<#IFNAME>«,errors] Preprocessing: — CHANGE_PER_SECOND Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Speed DEPENDENT net.if.speed[«<#IFNAME>«] Preprocessing: в›”пёЏON_FAIL: CUSTOM_VALUE -> 0 — JAVASCRIPT: return (value==’9223372036854775807′ ? 0 : value) Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Interface type DEPENDENT net.if.type[«<#IFNAME>«] Preprocessing: — JSONPATH: $[?(@.Name == «<#IFNAME>«)].AdapterTypeId.first() Network_interfaces Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Operational status DEPENDENT net.if.status[«<#IFNAME>«] Preprocessing: — JSONPATH: $[?(@.Name == «<#IFNAME>«)].NetConnectionStatus.first() Zabbix_raw_items Network interfaces WMI get ZABBIX_ACTIVE wmi.getall[root\cimv2,»select Name,Description,NetConnectionID,Speed,AdapterTypeId,NetConnectionStatus from win32_networkadapter where PhysicalAdapter=True and NetConnectionStatus>0″] Triggers The network interface utilization is close to its estimated maximum bandwidth. Manual close: YES Depends on: Recovers when below 80% of <$IF.ERRORS.WARN:"<#IFNAME>«> threshold Manual close: YES Depends on: This Ethernet connection has transitioned down from its known maximum speed. This might be a sign of autonegotiation issues. Ack to close. Manual close: YES Depends on: This trigger expression works as follows: 1. Can be triggered if operations status is down. 2. <$IFCONTROL:\"<#IFNAME>\»>=1 — user can redefine Context macro to value — 0. That marks this interface as not important. No new trigger will be fired if this interface is down. 3. =1) — trigger fires only if operational status is different from Connected(2). WARNING: if closed manually — won’t fire again on next poll, because of .diff. Manual close: YES Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com Windows services by Zabbix agent active Overview For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher Special version of services template that is required for Windows OS. Setup Refer to the vendor documentation. Zabbix configuration No specific Zabbix configuration is required. Macros used This macro is used in Service discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Service discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): High bandwidth usage (> <$IF.UTIL.MAX:"<#IFNAME>«>% ) («].avg(15m)>>(<$IF.UTIL.MAX:"<#IFNAME>«>/100)*«].last()> or «].avg(15m)>>(<$IF.UTIL.MAX:"<#IFNAME>«>/100)*«].last()>) and «].last()>>0 «].avg(15m)> WARNING Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): High error rate (> <$IF.ERRORS.WARN:"<#IFNAME>«> for 5m) «,errors].min(5m)>><$IF.ERRORS.WARN:"<#IFNAME>«> or «,errors].min(5m)>><$IF.ERRORS.WARN:"<#IFNAME>«> «,errors].max(5m)> WARNING Interface <#IFNAME>(<#IFALIAS>): Ethernet has changed to lower speed than it was before <$IFCONTROL:"<#IFNAME>«>=1 and («].last()><>2 and «].diff()>=1) «].last()>=2 or <$IFCONTROL:"<#IFNAME>«>=0 AVERAGE ^RemoteRegistry|MMCSS|gupdate|SysmonLog|clr_optimization_v.+|clr_optimization_v.+|sppsvc|gpsvc|Pml Driver HPZ12|Net Driver HPZ12|MapsBroker|IntelAudioService|Intel\(R\) TPM Provisioning Service|dbupdate|DoSvc$ This macro is used in Service discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. This macro is used in Service discovery. Can be overridden on the host or linked template level. ^manual|disabled$ Template links There are no template links in this template. Discovery rules Discovery of Windows services of different types as defined in template’s macros. Name Description Type Key and additional info Windows services discovery ZABBIX_ACTIVE service.discovery Filter: Items collected Group Name Description Type Key and additional info Services State of service «<#SERVICE.NAME>» (<#SERVICE.DISPLAYNAME>) ZABBIX_ACTIVE service.info[«<#SERVICE.NAME>«,state] Triggers The service has a state other than «Running» for the last three times. Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info «<#SERVICE.NAME>» (<#SERVICE.DISPLAYNAME>) is not running (startup type <#SERVICE.STARTUPNAME>) «,state].min(#3)><>0 AVERAGE Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com Windows by Zabbix agent active Overview For Zabbix version: 5.4 and higher New official Windows template. Requires agent of Zabbix 4.4 and newer. This template was tested on: Windows, version 7 and newer. Windows Server, version 2008 R2 and newer. Setup Install Zabbix agent on Windows OS according to Zabbix documentation. Zabbix configuration No specific Zabbix configuration is required. Template links Name Windows CPU by Zabbix agent active Windows filesystems by Zabbix agent active Windows generic by Zabbix agent active Windows memory by Zabbix agent active Windows network by Zabbix agent active Windows physical disks by Zabbix agent active Windows services by Zabbix agent active Zabbix agent Discovery rules Items collected Group Name Description Type Key and additional info Triggers Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com You can also provide a feedback, discuss the template or ask for help with it at ZABBIX forums. Windows SNMP Overview For Zabbix version: 5.2 and higher Setup Refer to the vendor documentation. Zabbix configuration No specific Zabbix configuration is required. Template links Name Generic SNMP HOST-RESOURCES-MIB SNMP Interfaces Windows SNMP Discovery rules Items collected Group Name Description Type Key and additional info Triggers Name Description Expression Severity Dependencies and additional info Feedback Please report any issues with the template at https://support.zabbix.com Known Issues Description: Doesn’t support In/Out 64 bit counters even though IfxTable is present: Currently, Windows gets it’s interface status from MIB-2. Since these 64bit SNMP counters (ifHCInOctets, ifHCOutOctets, etc.) are defined as an extension to IF-MIB, Microsoft has not implemented it. https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/07b62ff0-94f6-40ca-a99d-d129c1b33d70/windows-2008-r2-snmp-64bit-counters-support?forum=winservergen Description: Doesn’t support ifXTable at all Description: EtherLike MIB is not supported Читайте также:  Папка установки драйверов windows 10 Оцените статью Вам также может понравиться Windows или Linux: Что лучше выбрать? Есть много причин выбирать между Windows и Linux, но Файл владелец изменить linux Команда Chown в Linux Chown Command in Linux (File Установка шлюза по умолчанию linux Настройка сети вручную Содержание Краткое описание Чем разбить диск для linux ИТ База знаний Курс по Asterisk Полезно — Узнать IP — Правообладателям Политика конфиденциальности Контакты