Английский язык — (Урок 4 Раздел 3) — Предлоги и наречия места
Prepositions and pronouns of place
Предлоги и наречия места
В предыдущих разделах мы описывали предметы, окружающие нас, говорили об их размерах и цвете:
The car is slow
Is the apple green ?
The sky isn ´ t red
В этом разделе поговорим о местоположении различных предметов. Для того чтобы сказать, что книга находится на столе , а мяч находится под кроватью , нам достаточно узнать предлоги в английском языке: на , под , в и т.д.
Знакомиться с английскими предлогами будем следующим образом: перечислим каждый из предлогов, стоящих на повестке дня и вместе с ними приведём образцы предложений, чтобы наглядно увидеть, как их использовать.
Начнём с предлога in (в) и на его примере увидим, как строятся предложения со всеми остальными предлогами.
in – в
Этот предлог очень простой. Будем его использовать, когда хотим сказать, что предмет находится внутри чего-то.
The pencil is in the box – Карандаш находится в коробке
The boys are in the room – Ребята в комнате
Mr. Brown is in London – Мистер Браун в Лондоне
В каждом подобном предложении обязательно должен стоять глагол is (есть, находится) или глагол are во множественном числе (находятся). В то же время, как сам объект, так и место, в котором он расположен, мы сопровождаем определёнными артиклями, поскольку говорим о конкретных объектах и о конкретных местах.
The car is in the garage – Конкретная машина находится в конкретном гараже
The cars are in the garage – Конкретные машины находятся в конкретном гараже
Хотя в русском языке мы можем просто опустить слово «нахóдится» и сказать «машина в гараже», в английском языке так делать нельзя.
Не говори : The car in garage
Очень важно помнить о глаголах is и are и использовать их по назначению. Для проверки попробуй сказать самостоятельно:
Телефон на кухне
Мистер Вильямс находится в Москве
on – на
The book is on the table – Книга находится на столе
Обрати сразу внимание на то, что в различных предложениях глаголы is и are можно также иногда переводить другими словами, как например, «лежит», «стоит» или вообще можно оставить эти глаголы без перевода.
The book is on the table – Книга лежит на столе
The lamp is on the table – Лампа стоит на столе
The socks are on the bed – Носки на кровати
Газета находится на диване
Стаканы стоят на столе
Картина висит на стене
under – под
The ball is under the bed – Мяч лежит под кроватью
The flower is under the tree – Цветок находится по деревом
Река под мостом
Кошка находится под столом
in front of – напротив , впереди
The supermarket is in front of the school – Супермаркет находится напротив школы
Это составной предлог . Он пишется в два слова in front , а после него надо ставить ещё один предлог – of , который указывает на родительный падеж (напротив кого? чего?)
The mirrors are in front of the window – Зеркала находятся напротив ( Кого ? Чего?) окна
Гостиница находится перед банком
Супермаркет находится перед парком
Диван стоит напротив телевизора
behind – сзади , за
The car is behind the house – Машина за домом
The river is behind the forest – Река находится за лесом
Куртка висит за дверью
Ключ лежит за шкафом
on the right of – справа от
on the left of – слева от
The parking is on the right of the office – Парковка находится справа от офиса
The painting is on the left of the window – Картина висит слева от окна
Данные наречия места тоже являются составными (как in front of ). Тут тоже предлог of служит связкой, чтобы следующее слово поставить в родительный падеж. Если же никакого слова после on the right или on the left не идёт, то предлог of уже не нужен.
The theater is on the right and the stadium is on the left – Театр находится справа , а стадион – слева
Кружка справа от тарелки
Мышка находится справа от компьютера
Деревья находятся слева от школы
near – рядом, около
The park is near the house – Парк находится рядом с домом
The river is near the wood – Река находится около леса
Ключи находятся рядом с телефоном
Ванная находится рядом с кухней
far from – далеко от
Britain is far from Russia – Британия находится далеко от России
The downtown is far from here – Центр города находится далеко отсюда
Лес находится далеко от города
Пляж находится далеко от гостиницы
Questions . Вопросы
Рассмотрев различные предлоги и наречия места в утвердительных предложениях, перейдём к вопросительным предложениям.
Что бы задать вопрос «где находится?», нам понадобится вопросительное слово Where? – Где?
После слова Where должен идти глагол is или are , а затем существительное с определённым артиклем. Всегда придерживайся этого порядка слов.
The book is on the table – Книга находится на столе
Where is the book? – Где находится книга ?
The ball is under the bed – Where is the ball ? (Где мяч?)
The car is behind the house – Where is the car? (Где машина?)
The keys are on the right of the phone – Where are the keys? (Где ключи?)
The boys are in the room – Where are the boys? ( Где ты ?)
Где находится Боб?
Где лежат книги?
Direct questions. Прямые вопросы
Прямые вопросы с подобными предложениями также очень просты – всего лишь надо помнить порядок слов. Приведём примеры :
The book is in the bag – Is the book in the bag?
The cars are in the garage – Are the cars in the garage?
Как и во всех прямых вопросах, на первое место ставится глагол – is или are . В самом конце предложения – место, где предмет находится.
Карандаш находится в сумке?
Ребята в комнате?
Телефон на столе?
Собака под стулом?
Exercises
Упражнения
1. Соедини противоположные значения
on far
on the right in front
behind under
near on the left
2. Выбери правильный предлог
1. The boy is on / in the room; 2. Sam is in / under America; 3. England is far from / near Russia; 4. The tourists are on / in the hotel; 5. The sofa is behind / in front of the window.
3. Скажи по-английски
В городе
На кровати
Под диваном
Справа от двери
Слева от шкафа
За домом
Далеко от Москвы
Рядом с кафе
4. Переведи предложения на русский язык
1. The people are near the park; 2. The guitar is under the shelf; 3. The sea is far from the city; 4. The children are in the street; 5. The cafe is on the left of the cinema; 6. The ball is in the water; 7. The apples are under the tree; 8. The cat is on the chair; 9. The garden is behind the house; 10. The beach is in front of the hotel.
5. Переведи предложения на английский язык
1. Цветы находятся в саду; 2. Телефон лежит на полке; 3. Мэри стоит за деревом; 4. Молоко в холодильнике; 5. Спальня находится рядом с кухней; 6. Банк находится слева от гостиницы; 7. Пляж находится далеко от города; 8. Туристы стоят перед музеем; 9. Книга лежит на столе под лампой; 10. Ручка лежит справа от компьютера.
6. Ответь на вопросы по образцу
Where is Robert? (in / room)
— Robert is in the room.
1. Where is the pencil? (in / bag) ; 2. Where are the children? (behind / bus) ; 3. Where are the tourists? (on / beach) ; 4. Where is Sam? (near / shop) ; 5. Where is the car? (in front of / garage) ; 6. Where is the bank? (on the left / museum) ; 7. Where are the keys? (under / documents) ; 8. Where is the photo? (on / wall) ; 9. Where is the monument? (in front / fountain) 10. Where is the supermarket? (on the left / bus stop) .
7. Дай отрицательный ответ на вопрос, добавляя другое местонахождение предмета от себя
Is the car in the garage?
— No, the car is not in the garage, the car is in the street.
1. Are the boys in the shop? 2. Is the flower under the window? 3. Is the monument on the right of the museum? 4. Is the river near the city? 5. Are the trees behind the house? 6. Is Peter in New York? 7. Is the cafe on the left? 8. Are Mark and Sally on the beach? 9. Is the office far from the bus stop? 10. Is the cinema in front of the hotel?
помогите с инглишом, запуталась в предлогах
некоторые пробелы я заполняла. хотя наверно не корректно
помогите кто чем может=)
Заполните пропуски предлогами:
1. The book is on… the table. 2. The lamp is …on table. 3. The girl is at… the table. 4. The man is …on the chair. 5. The book is in the bag. 6. The pencil is on the desk. 7. My house is on. … the street. 8. The blackboard is in… the classroom. 9. The chair is …under?? the table. 10. We sit …?? the table. 11. There is a lamp on… the desk. 12. Please, sit down at … the table. 13. A sport ground is near our school. 14. Pushkin street is across… Lenin street and Sadovaya street. 15. We have lunch at 11 o’clock and 12 o’clock. 16. The bridge is throuh… the Don River.
Вставьте подходящий по смыслу предлог:
1. There is a picture on… the wall. 2. What street do you live in??…? 3. … Sunday we often swim …in the river. 4. Last week he went to… Moscow. 5. They will go to?… the college tomorrow. 6. She goes …to?? work …by bus. 7. My brother stayed at… home …in the evening. 8. Many people travel by… train. 9. I see many books on… the table and …in the bookcase. 10. I was born …on the first of… October. 11. Our lessons begin at… nine o’clock in… the morning. 12. He took some books from… the table and put them into… his bag. 13. We went … home …by foot. 14. They often go for… a walk to… the park. 15. My father works with… the plant. 16. I don’t like to sit at(near)… the window. 17. She stood up… and went out… the room.
Заполните пропуски нужными по смыслу предлогами:
(above, across, around, at, behind, from, in front of, in, into, on, out of, over, through, to, under)
1. There is a garden behind… our house. 2. The bridge is above… the river. 3. All students are on… the lesson now. 4. Where are the boys? They are in… the park. 5. Our flat is in… the centre. 6. There was a lamp on… the table. 7. He will sit in front of … you. 8. Usually we go to… school together. 9. He came into… the house. 10. I come home from… school very late. 11. Take my book to… him, please. 12. Come into… the room. 13. He took us to… the forest. 14. Children, take your books … your bags and put them … the tables. 15. The box was … the bad. 16. He looks … the window.
Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Peter is always … time … his lessons. 2. We often go … the blackboard … class. We write a lot … sentences … the blackboard. 3. “Where does he usually do … work?” “He usually goes … home”. 4. I like to speak English … my sons. 5. Please tell her … your friends. 6. Please translate this text … Russian … English. 7. What do you usually speak … … class? 8. How often do you write … your friends? 9. When do you usually get … home? 10. How do you get … your office? 11. He’s going to write … me … a week.
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов to go, to come, to get.
1. Подойдите сюда, пожалуйста. 2. Пойдите, пожалуйста, в ту комнату. 3. Когда ваш сын приходит домой? 4. Идите к доске, пожалуйста. 5. Каждое утро я хожу в учреждение. 6. Он не всегда уходит домой после уроков. 7. Я прихожу домой вечером и делаю уроки. 8. Каждое утро мой приятель приезжает в Москву и вечером уезжает домой. 9. Как вы добираетесь до министерства. 10. Он приезжает сюда завтра утром. 11. Он скоро уедет.
Заполните пропуски предлогами:
1. The book is ON the table. 2. The lamp is ON/ABOVE the table. 3. The girl is AT the table. 4. The man is ON the chair. 5. The book is IN the bag. 6. The pencil is ON the desk. 7. My house is IN the street. 8. The blackboard is IN the classroom. 9. The chair is AT/NEXT TO the table. 10. We sit AT the table. 11. There is a lamp ON/ABOVE the desk. 12. Please, sit down AT the table. 13. A sport ground is NEAR our school. 14. Pushkin street is BETWEEN Lenin street and Sadovaya street. 15. We have lunch at 11 o’clock and 12 o’clock. 16. The bridge is ACROSS the Don River.
Вставьте подходящий по смыслу предлог:
1. There is a picture ON the wall. 2. What street do you live IN? 3. ON Sunday we often swim IN the river. 4. Last week he went TO Moscow. 5. They will go TO the college tomorrow. 6. She goes TO work BY bus. 7. My brother stayed home IN the evening. 8. Many people travel BY train. 9. I see many books ON the table and IN the bookcase. 10. I was born ON the first OF October. 11. Our lessons begin AT nine o’clock IN the morning. 12. He took some books FROM the table and put them INTO his bag. 13. We went home ON foot. 14. They often go FOR a walk IN the park. 15. My father works AT the plant. 16. I don’t like to sit AT/NEAR/BY the window. 17. She stood UP and went OUT OF the room.
Заполните пропуски нужными по смыслу предлогами:
(above, across, around, at, behind, from, in front of, in, into, on, out of, over, through, to, under)
1. There is a garden BEHIND our house. 2. The bridge is ACROSS the river. 3. All students are AT the lesson now. 4. Where are the boys? They are IN the park. 5. Our flat is IN the centre. 6. There was a lamp ON/ABOVE the table. 7. He will sit IN FRONT OF you. 8. Usually we go TO school together. 9. He came INTO the house. 10. I come home FROM school very late. 11. Take my book FROM him, please. 12. Come INTO the room. 13. He took us TO the forest. 14. Children, take your books OUT OF your bags and put them ON the tables. 15. The box was UNDER the bad. 16. He looks AT/THROUGH the window.
Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Peter is always IN time FOR his lessons. 2. We often go TO the blackboard IN class. We write a lot OF sentences ON the blackboard. 3. “Where does he usually go AFTER work?” “He usually goes home”. 4. I like to speak English WITH my sons. 5. Please tell her ABOUT your friends. 6. Please translate this text FROM Russian INTO English. 7. What do you usually speak ABOUT IN class? 8. How often do you write TO your friends? 9. When do you usually get home? 10. How do you get TO your office? 11. He’s going to write TO me IN a week.
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов to go, to come, to get.
1. Come here, please. 2. Go to that room, please. 3. When does your son come home? 4. Go to the blackboard, please. 5. Every morning I go to the office. 6. He doesn’t always go home after lessons. 7. I come home in the evening and do my hometasks. 8. Every morning my friend comes in Moscow and in the evening he goes home. 9. How do you get to the Ministry? 10. He comes here tomorrow morning. 11. He will go soon.
1. The book is ON the table. 2. The lamp is ON/ABOVE the table. 3. The girl is AT the table. 4. The man is ON the chair. 5. The book is IN the bag. 6. The pencil is ON the desk. 7. My house is IN the street. 8. The blackboard is IN the classroom. 9. The chair is AT/NEXT TO the table. 10. We sit AT the table. 11. There is a lamp ON/ABOVE the desk. 12. Please, sit down AT the table. 13. A sport ground is NEAR our school. 14. Pushkin street is BETWEEN Lenin street and Sadovaya street. 15. We have lunch at 11 o’clock and 12 o’clock. 16. The bridge is ACROSS the Don River.
Вставьте подходящий по смыслу предлог:
1. There is a picture ON the wall. 2. What street do you live IN? 3. ON Sunday we often swim IN the river. 4. Last week he went TO Moscow. 5. They will go TO the college tomorrow. 6. She goes TO work BY bus. 7. My brother stayed home IN the evening. 8. Many people travel BY train. 9. I see many books ON the table and IN the bookcase. 10. I was born ON the first OF October. 11. Our lessons begin AT nine o’clock IN the morning. 12. He took some books FROM the table and put them INTO his bag. 13. We went home ON foot. 14. They often go FOR a walk IN the park. 15. My father works AT the plant. 16. I don’t like to sit AT/NEAR/BY the window. 17. She stood UP and went OUT OF the room.
Заполните пропуски нужными по смыслу предлогами:
(above, across, around, at, behind, from, in front of, in, into, on, out of, over, through, to, under)
1. There is a garden BEHIND our house. 2. The bridge is ACROSS the river. 3. All students are AT the lesson now. 4. Where are the boys? They are IN the park. 5. Our flat is IN the centre. 6. There was a lamp ON/ABOVE the table. 7. He will sit IN FRONT OF you. 8. Usually we go TO school together. 9. He came INTO the house. 10. I come home FROM school very late. 11. Take my book FROM him, please. 12. Come INTO the room. 13. He took us TO the forest. 14. Children, take your books OUT OF your bags and put them ON the tables. 15. The box was UNDER the bad. 16. He looks AT/THROUGH the window.
Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Peter is always IN time FOR his lessons. 2. We often go TO the blackboard IN class. We write a lot OF sentences ON the blackboard. 3. “Where does he usually go AFTER work?” “He usually goes home”. 4. I like to speak English WITH my sons. 5. Please tell her ABOUT your friends. 6. Please translate this text FROM Russian INTO English. 7. What do you usually speak ABOUT IN class? 8. How often do you write TO your friends? 9. When do you usually get home? 10. How do you get TO your office? 11. He’s going to write TO me IN a week.
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов to go, to come, to get.
1. Come here, please. 2. Go to that room, please. 3. When does your son come home? 4. Go to the blackboard, please. 5. Every morning I go to the office. 6. He doesn’t always go home after lessons. 7. I come home in the evening and do my hometasks. 8. Every morning my friend comes in Moscow and in the evening he goes home. 9. How do you get to the Ministry? 10. He comes here tomorrow morning. 11. He will go soon.
Книга на. стол. 2. Светильник исон стол. 3. Девушка в. Таблица. 4. Этот человек . на стуле. 5. Книга находится в сумке. 6. Карандаш на рабочий стол. 7. Мой дом находится на. улице. 8. Доски в. классе. 9. Кресло . под?? столе. 10. Мы сидим . столе. 11. Есть лампа на. на рабочий стол. 12. Пожалуйста, садись на . стол. 13. Спортивная площадка находится недалеко от нашей школы. 14. Улица Пушкина по. улице Ленина и улицы Садовой. 15. У нас обед в 11 часов и 12 часов. 16. Мост throuh в. реки Дон.
Вставьте подходящий по смыслу предлог:
1. Есть картинка на. стене. 2. На какой улице ты живешь. 3. ..В воскресенье мы часто . плавают в реке. 4. На прошлой неделе он отправился в. Москва. 5. Они будут идти. завтра в колледж. 6. Она достается. работа . на автобусе. 7. Мой брат остался. дома . вечером. 8. Многие люди путешествуют на. поезд. 9. Я вижу много книг по. таблицы и . в книжном шкафу. 10. Я родился . на. октября. 11. Наши уроки начинаются в девять часов. утра. 12. Он взял несколько книг из. стол и положил их в свою сумку. 13. Мы пошли . домой . пешком. 14. Они часто идут на. прогулку. в парк. 15. Мой отец работает с. завода. 16. Я не люблю сидеть у (около). окно. 17. Она встал. и пошел. в номер.
Заполните пропуски нужными по смыслу предлогами:
(над, через, около, на, За, с, перед, в, На, по, из, за, через, на, под)
1. The book is ON the table. 2. The lamp is ON/ABOVE the table. 3. The girl is AT the table. 4. The man is ON the chair. 5. The book is IN the bag. 6. The pencil is ON the desk. 7. My house is IN the street. 8. The blackboard is IN the classroom. 9. The chair is AT/NEXT TO the table. 10. We sit AT the table. 11. There is a lamp ON/ABOVE the desk. 12. Please, sit down AT the table. 13. A sport ground is NEAR our school. 14. Pushkin street is BETWEEN Lenin street and Sadovaya street. 15. We have lunch at 11 o’clock and 12 o’clock. 16. The bridge is ACROSS the Don River.
Вставьте подходящий по смыслу предлог:
1. There is a picture ON the wall. 2. What street do you live IN? 3. ON Sunday we often swim IN the river. 4. Last week he went TO Moscow. 5. They will go TO the college tomorrow. 6. She goes TO work BY bus. 7. My brother stayed home IN the evening. 8. Many people travel BY train. 9. I see many books ON the table and IN the bookcase. 10. I was born ON the first OF October. 11. Our lessons begin AT nine o’clock IN the morning. 12. He took some books FROM the table and put them INTO his bag. 13. We went home ON foot. 14. They often go FOR a walk IN the park. 15. My father works AT the plant. 16. I don’t like to sit AT/NEAR/BY the window. 17. She stood UP and went OUT OF the room.
Заполните пропуски нужными по смыслу предлогами:
(above, across, around, at, behind, from, in front of, in, into, on, out of, over, through, to, under)
1. There is a garden BEHIND our house. 2. The bridge is ACROSS the river. 3. All students are AT the lesson now. 4. Where are the boys? They are IN the park. 5. Our flat is IN the centre. 6. There was a lamp ON/ABOVE the table. 7. He will sit IN FRONT OF you. 8. Usually we go TO school together. 9. He came INTO the house. 10. I come home FROM school very late. 11. Take my book FROM him, please. 12. Come INTO the room. 13. He took us TO the forest. 14. Children, take your books OUT OF your bags and put them ON the tables. 15. The box was UNDER the bad. 16. He looks AT/THROUGH the window.
Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Peter is always IN time FOR his lessons. 2. We often go TO the blackboard IN class. We write a lot OF sentences ON the blackboard. 3. “Where does he usually go AFTER work?” “He usually goes home”. 4. I like to speak English WITH my sons. 5. Please tell her ABOUT your friends. 6. Please translate this text FROM Russian INTO English. 7. What do you usually speak ABOUT IN class? 8. How often do you write TO your friends? 9. When do you usually get home? 10. How do you get TO your office? 11. He’s going to write TO me IN a week.
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов to go, to come, to get.
1. Come here, please. 2. Go to that room, please. 3. When does your son come home? 4. Go to the blackboard, please. 5. Every morning I go to the office. 6. He doesn’t always go home after lessons. 7. I come home in the evening and do my hometasks. 8. Every morning my friend comes in Moscow and in the evening he goes home. 9. How do you get to the Ministry? 10. He comes here tomorrow morning. 11. He will go soon.
The book is ON the table. 2. The lamp is ON/ABOVE the table. 3. The girl is AT the table. 4. The man is ON the chair. 5. The book is IN the bag. 6. The pencil is ON the desk. 7. My house is IN the street. 8. The blackboard is IN the classroom. 9. The chair is AT/NEXT TO the table. 10. We sit AT the table. 11. There is a lamp ON/ABOVE the desk. 12. Please, sit down AT the table. 13. A sport ground is NEAR our school. 14. Pushkin street is BETWEEN Lenin street and Sadovaya street. 15. We have lunch at 11 o’clock and 12 o’clock. 16. The bridge is ACROSS the Don River.
Вставьте подходящий по смыслу предлог:
1. There is a picture ON the wall. 2. What street do you live IN? 3. ON Sunday we often swim IN the river. 4. Last week he went TO Moscow. 5. They will go TO the college tomorrow. 6. She goes TO work BY bus. 7. My brother stayed home IN the evening. 8. Many people travel BY train. 9. I see many books ON the table and IN the bookcase. 10. I was born ON the first OF October. 11. Our lessons begin AT nine o’clock IN the morning. 12. He took some books FROM the table and put them INTO his bag. 13. We went home ON foot. 14. They often go FOR a walk IN the park. 15. My father works AT the plant. 16. I don’t like to sit AT/NEAR/BY the window. 17. She stood UP and went OUT OF the room.
Заполните пропуски нужными по смыслу предлогами:
(above, across, around, at, behind, from, in front of, in, into, on, out of, over, through, to, under)
1. There is a garden BEHIND our house. 2. The bridge is ACROSS the river. 3. All students are AT the lesson now. 4. Where are the boys? They are IN the park. 5. Our flat is IN the centre. 6. There was a lamp ON/ABOVE the table. 7. He will sit IN FRONT OF you. 8. Usually we go TO school together. 9. He came INTO the house. 10. I come home FROM school very late. 11. Take my book FROM him, please. 12. Come INTO the room. 13. He took us TO the forest. 14. Children, take your books OUT OF your bags and put them ON the tables. 15. The box was UNDER the bad. 16. He looks AT/THROUGH the window.
Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Peter is always IN time FOR his lessons. 2. We often go TO the blackboard IN class. We write a lot OF sentences ON the blackboard. 3. “Where does he usually go AFTER work?” “He usually goes home”. 4. I like to speak English WITH my sons. 5. Please tell her ABOUT your friends. 6. Please translate this text FROM Russian INTO English. 7. What do you usually speak ABOUT IN class? 8. How often do you write TO your friends? 9. When do you usually get home? 10. How do you get TO your office? 11. He’s going to write TO me IN a week.
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов to go, to come, to get.
1. Come here, please. 2. Go to that room, please. 3. When does your son come home? 4. Go to the blackboard, please. 5. Every morning I go to the office. 6. He doesn’t always go home after lessons. 7. I come home in the evening and do my hometasks. 8. Every morning my friend comes in Moscow and in the evening he goes home. 9. How do you get to the Ministry? 10. He comes here tomorrow morning. 11. He will go soon.
