Windows commands

All supported versions of Windows (server and client) have a set of Win32 console commands built in.

This set of documentation describes the Windows Commands you can use to automate tasks by using scripts or scripting tools.

Prerequisites

The information that is contained in this topic applies to:

• Windows Server 2019
• Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel)
• Windows Server 2016
• Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2008 R2
• Windows Server 2008
• Windows 10
• Windows 8.1

Command shell overview

The Command shell was the first shell built into Windows to automate routine tasks, like user account management or nightly backups, with batch (.bat) files. With Windows Script Host you could run more sophisticated scripts in the Command shell. For more information, see cscript or wscript. You can perform operations more efficiently by using scripts than you can by using the user interface. Scripts accept all Commands that are available at the command line.

Windows has two command shells: The Command shell and PowerShell. Each shell is a software program that provides direct communication between you and the operating system or application, providing an environment to automate IT operations.

PowerShell was designed to extend the capabilities of the Command shell to run PowerShell commands called cmdlets. Cmdlets are similar to Windows Commands but provide a more extensible scripting language. You can run Windows Commands and PowerShell cmdlets in Powershell, but the Command shell can only run Windows Commands and not PowerShell cmdlets.

For the most robust, up-to-date Windows automation, we recommend using PowerShell instead of Windows Commands or Windows Script Host for Windows automation.

You can also download and install PowerShell Core, the open source version of PowerShell.

Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. Before making the following changes to the registry, you should back up any valued data on the computer.

To enable or disable file and directory name completion in the Command shell on a computer or user logon session, run regedit.exe and set the following reg_DWOrd value:

To set the reg_DWOrd value, use the hexadecimal value of a control character for a particular function (for example, 0 9 is Tab and 0 08 is Backspace). User-specified settings take precedence over computer settings, and command-line options take precedence over registry settings.

Command-line reference A-Z

To find information about a specific command, in the following A-Z menu, click the letter that the command starts with, and then click the command name.

How to Edit Your Hosts File in Windows 10

What is a Hosts File?

The hosts file is a local plain text file that maps servers or hostnames to IP addresses. This file has been in use since the time of ARPANET. It was the original method to resolve hostnames to a specific IP address. The hosts file is usually the first process in the domain name resolution procedure. Here is an example of a hosts file entry.

We use the above code as an example since it almost always included in every hosts file. Another example would be similar to the following entry.

• The first section denotes the IP address where a request will be redirected to.
• The second section designates the location that we want to redirect a request from.
• The third section specifies a comment for the entry.
• Each entry is usually separated by a space or a tab.

We would add the above entry to our hosts file to associate the hostname (or domain name)В liquidweb.comВ with the IP addressВ 67.225.187.61. To provide a working example, let’s move on to the next section.

Why is a Hosts File Useful?

Let’s say we have just completed a migration to a new server. In order to see how our domains will look and operate on our new server before we move our DNS settings, we cannot just type in one of our current domain names as it will resolve to the old server we are moving away from (since we never move our DNS A records from the old server until we are sure the new site is working as expected).

So, to see how our domain will look on the new server, (without having to change our DNS records) we can simply modify our local hosts file to point the domain to the new servers IP. If our domain is liquidweb.com and the old IP is 67.225.187.61 and our new IP will be 72.30.35.10, we can temporarily comment out the current liquidweb.com entry (using a ‘#‘ symbol) and add an alternate entry which points to the new servers IP.

If we added the above entry to our hosts file, every time we open liquidweb.com in our browser, we will now be redirected to the 72.30.35.10 IP.

Where is the Hosts File Located?

The location of the hosts file will differ by operating system. The typical locations are noted below.

• Windows 10 — «C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts»
• LinuxВ -В «/etc/hosts»
• Mac OSВ X -В «/private/etc/hosts»

What Does a Hosts File Contain?

A hosts file contains entries similar to the following information. Your entries may differ significantly.

How Do I Edit my Hosts File?

Our \etc\hosts file is only editable as a Windows administrator. В Here is a short video on how to edit a hosts file.

Here are the directions on how to modify your hosts file.

Step 1.
Click the Windows button and type Notepad in the search bar.

Step 2.
Right click on Notepad and then Run as Administrator.

Step 3.
You’ll be asked, “Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device?”. Choose Yes.

Step 4.
In Notepad, choose File then Open.

Step 5.
Navigate to C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts or click the address bar at the top and paste in the path and choose Enter.  If you don’t readily see the host file in the /etc directory then select All files from the File name: drop-down list, then click on the hosts file.

Step 6.
Add the appropriate IP and hostname at the end of your hosts’ file, select Save, and then close the file.

Step 7.
Finally, you will want to flush your DNS cache for your computer to recognize changes to the file. Click the Windows button and search command prompt.

Step 8.
Type the following command in the terminal and press Enter

Conclusion

Modifying a hosts file has many benefits which can significantly impact how you view your new domain or website. Using this method to view a site allows us to see how any new changes affect the layout and functionality of a domain.

Should you have any issues when modifying this file, our Support Teams are filled with experienced Linux technicians and talented system administrators who have an intimate knowledge of how to facilitate this modification. We are always available to answer any inquiries with issues related to this article, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week 365 days a year.

If you are a Fully Managed VPS server, Cloud Dedicated, VMWare Private Cloud, Private Parent server, Managed Cloud Servers, or a Dedicated server owner and you are uncomfortable with performing any of the steps outlined above, we can be reached via phone at 800.580.4985, or via a chat or support ticket to assist you with this process.

Команды Windows Windows commands

Все поддерживаемые версии Windows (сервер и клиент) имеют набор встроенных команд консоли Win32. All supported versions of Windows (server and client) have a set of Win32 console commands built in.

Этот набор документации описывает команды Windows, которые можно использовать для автоматизации задач с помощью скриптов или средств создания скриптов. This set of documentation describes the Windows Commands you can use to automate tasks by using scripts or scripting tools.

Предварительные требования Prerequisites

Сведения, содержащиеся в этом разделе, применимы к: The information that is contained in this topic applies to:

• Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2019
• Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel) Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel)
• Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2016
• Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 R2
• Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008 R2
• Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008
• Windows 10 Windows 10
• Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1

Общие сведения о командной оболочке Command shell overview

Командная оболочка была первой оболочкой, встроенной в Windows, для автоматизации стандартных задач, таких как управление учетными записями пользователей или ночное резервное копирование с пакетными файлами (bat). The Command shell was the first shell built into Windows to automate routine tasks, like user account management or nightly backups, with batch (.bat) files. С помощью сервера сценариев Windows можно выполнять более сложные сценарии в командной оболочке. With Windows Script Host you could run more sophisticated scripts in the Command shell. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе cscript или Wscript. For more information, see cscript or wscript. С помощью скриптов можно более эффективно выполнять операции, чем с помощью пользовательского интерфейса. You can perform operations more efficiently by using scripts than you can by using the user interface. Скрипты принимают все команды, доступные в командной строке. Scripts accept all Commands that are available at the command line.

Windows имеет две командные оболочки: Командная оболочка и PowerShell. Windows has two command shells: The Command shell and PowerShell. Каждая оболочка представляет собой программную программу, обеспечивающую прямой обмен данными между вами и операционной системой или приложением, предоставляя среду для автоматизации ИТ-операций. Each shell is a software program that provides direct communication between you and the operating system or application, providing an environment to automate IT operations.

PowerShell был разработан для расширения возможностей командной оболочки для выполнения команд PowerShell, называемых командлетами. PowerShell was designed to extend the capabilities of the Command shell to run PowerShell commands called cmdlets. Командлеты похожи на команды Windows, но предоставляют более расширяемый язык сценариев. Cmdlets are similar to Windows Commands but provide a more extensible scripting language. Вы можете выполнять команды Windows и командлеты PowerShell в PowerShell, но Командная оболочка может выполнять только команды Windows, а не командлеты PowerShell. You can run Windows Commands and PowerShell cmdlets in Powershell, but the Command shell can only run Windows Commands and not PowerShell cmdlets.

Для наиболее надежной и последней версии службы автоматизации Windows рекомендуется использовать PowerShell вместо команд Windows или сервера сценариев Windows для службы автоматизации Windows. For the most robust, up-to-date Windows automation, we recommend using PowerShell instead of Windows Commands or Windows Script Host for Windows automation.

Вы также можете скачать и установить PowerShell Core, версию PowerShell с открытым исходным кодом. You can also download and install PowerShell Core, the open source version of PowerShell.

Неправильное изменение реестра может серьезно повредить систему. Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. Перед внесением следующих изменений в реестр следует создать резервную копию всех ценных данных на компьютере. Before making the following changes to the registry, you should back up any valued data on the computer.

Чтобы включить или отключить завершение имен файлов и каталогов в командной оболочке на компьютере или в сеансе входа пользователя, запустите regedit.exe и задайте следующее значение reg_DWOrd: To enable or disable file and directory name completion in the Command shell on a computer or user logon session, run regedit.exe and set the following reg_DWOrd value:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\completionChar\reg_DWOrd HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\completionChar\reg_DWOrd

Чтобы задать значение reg_DWOrd , используйте шестнадцатеричное значение управляющего символа для конкретной функции (например, 0 9 — TAB, а 0 08 — Backspace). To set the reg_DWOrd value, use the hexadecimal value of a control character for a particular function (for example, 0 9 is Tab and 0 08 is Backspace). Заданные пользователем параметры имеют приоритет над параметрами компьютера, а параметры командной строки имеют приоритет над параметрами реестра. User-specified settings take precedence over computer settings, and command-line options take precedence over registry settings.

Справочник по командной строке A-Z Command-line reference A-Z

Чтобы найти сведения о конкретной команде, в следующем меню A-Z щелкните букву, с которой начинается команда, а затем щелкните имя команды. To find information about a specific command, in the following A-Z menu, click the letter that the command starts with, and then click the command name.

Объект | Б | C | Г | Д | F | Ж | З | Я | J | Л | L | М | N | O | P | Вопросы и ответы | Язык R | С | T | U | Версия | Н | X | Y | Гармошкой A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Indiana University Indiana University Indiana University

ARCHIVED: In Windows, how do I find my computer’s hostname?

To find your computer’s hostname:

In Windows 7, Vista, or XP

1. In Windows 7, from the Start menu, right-click Computer . In Vista and XP, on the desktop, right-click Computer (Vista) or My Computer (XP).
2. Select Properties . In Windows XP, then click the Computer Name tab.

Note: If this doesn’t match what you see, refer to Get around in Windows.

Windows XP default desktop view and Start menu are different from the Windows Classic View (e.g., in Windows 2000 ). Therefore, navigating to certain items can be different. In the interest of broad applicability, most Knowledge Base instructions assume you are using Classic View. For details about switching views, see

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In the window that appears, your computer name will be displayed under «Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings» (Windows 7 and Vista) or next to «Full computer name:» (XP).

Using the command prompt

1. From the Start menu, select All Programs or Programs , then Accessories , and then Command Prompt .
2. In the window that opens, at the prompt, enter hostname . The result on the next line of the command prompt window will display the hostname of the machine without the domain.

Note: Applications running on Unix systems are case sensitive, and recognize bl-uits-xxxxx and BL-UITS-XXXXX as two different computers. If you are providing your computer’s hostname to be used on one of these systems, be careful to indicate the correct character case.