Установка сертификата linux mint

Обновление корневых сертификатов на Linux

От корневых сертификатов в системе может зависеть правильная работа при обращении к ресурсам, которые работают по зашифрованному каналу связи. Если данные сертификаты устареют, мы можем столкнуться с рядом проблем:

• Не открываются или выдают предупреждение безопасности некоторые (или все) сайты, работающие по https.
• Некорректная работа отдельных приложений.
• Ошибки при подключении по ssh.

Это пример ошибок, который не претендует на свою полному. Чаще всего, проблемы встречаются на системах, снятых с обслуживания.

Установка из репозитория

Самый простой способ, который нужно попробовать, установить сертификаты из официального репозитория системы. В зависимости от ее типа, наши команды будут немного отличаться.

а) для систем на базе DEB (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint):

apt install ca-certificates

б) для систем на базе RPM (Rocky Linux, CentOS):

yum install ca-certificates

Если нам повезет и в репозитории будут обновленные корневые центры, наша работа закончена. Иначе, устанавливаем сертификаты вручную.

Загрузка пакета с сертификатами

Установка из репозитория может не дать нужного эффекта, если в нем находятся не самые свежие сертификаты или наша система сильно устарела или не имеет выхода в Интернет.

В этом случае нам нужно загрузить пакет с корневыми сертификатами вручную. Разберем пример на системе Ubuntu. В официальном репозитории или в поисковой системе находим пакет для загрузки, например, по ссылке ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/ca-certificates копируем ссылку на файл с последней версией сертификатов, и загружаем его на наш компьютер:

Полученный пакет устанавливаем в системе:

dpkg -i ca-certificates_20210119_all.deb

И обновляем корневые сертификаты:

Установка вручную

Выше рассмотрены самые удобные способы обновления корневых сертификатов. Но мы можем столкнуться с ситуацией, когда в предоставляемых официальных пакетах не окажется обновленного сертификата. Например, на момент написания данной инструкции у систем на базе Deb не оказалось нового сертификата для Let’s Encrypt, а старый закончил свое действие 30 сентября 2021 года.

В данном случае, мы можем установить любой нужный нам сертификат руками. Для этого скачала находим его и копируем — приведем пример с Let’s Encrypt. На странице letsencrypt.org/ru/certificates мы можем увидеть ссылки на корневые сертификаты. Допустим, нам нужен Let’s Encrypt Authority X3 (Signed by ISRG Root X1), который доступен по ссылке letsencrypt.org/certs/letsencryptauthorityx3.pem.txt. Копируем последовательность и создаем файл на компьютере:

——BEGIN CERTIFICATE——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——END CERTIFICATE——

Открываем на редактирование файл:

И добавляем в него строку с указанием на созданный файл:

Источник

1С и Linux

Пишу для себя, чтобы не забыть как делал. 95 % рабочее. На комментарии отвечаю, когда увижу.

пятница, 14 декабря 2018 г.

Установка сертификатов используя КриптоПРО в Linux

Для установки в uRoot админиских прав больше не нужно. Ради этого их с mRoot и разделили. Работает так: если ставить в uRoot — видно будет только текущему пользователю, даже если он root, но права не нужны и будет диалог с предупреждением. Если ставить в mRoot, то нужны права, видно будет всем и предупреждения не будет.

Установка корневого сертификата удостоверяющего центра:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file

/Загрузки/ .cer -store uRoot
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file

/Загрузки/guts_2012.cer -store uRoot

Просмотор корневых сертификатов:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -list -store uRoot

Удалить:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -delete -store uRoot
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -delete -all -store uRoot

Установка списка отозванных сертификатов:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -crl -file

Установка цепочки промежуточных сертификатов:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file

/Загрузки/ .p7b -store uca

$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file

/Загрузки/fk_2012.cer -store uca

Просмотор промежуточных сертификатов:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -list -store uca

Удалить:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -delete -store uca

Установка сертификата с рутокена:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cont ‘ ‘ -store uMy

Установка сертификата из контейнера:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -store uMy -cont ‘\\.\HDIMAGE\test’

Просмотор личных сертификатов:
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -list -store uMy

Просмотр контейнеров, рутокенов
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/csptest -keyset -enum -verifycontext -fqcn

Экспорт в файл сертификата из хранилища
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -export -cert -dn «CN=» -dest ‘cert.crt’
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -copycert -dn CN=’Фёдорова Галина Борисовна’ -df

$ CP_PRINT_CHAIN_DETAIL=1 /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -copycert -dn CN=’Фёдорова Галина Борисовна’ -df

$ CP_PRINT_CHAIN_DETAIL=1 /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -copycert -dn CN=’Фёдорова Галина Борисовна’ -df

$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -verify -f cert.crt cert.txt
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -verify -u

/cert.txt
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -verify -u

/cert.txt | iconv -f cp1251
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -verify -errchain -f

/cert.txt | iconv -f cp1251

Установка сертификатов zakupki.gov.ru

$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file ‘Сертификат Головного удостоверяющего центра.cer’ -store uRoot
$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file ‘Сертификат Удостоверяющего центра Федерального казначейства.cer’ -store uRoot

$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/certmgr -inst -cert -file root2013.cer -store uRoot

$ CP_PRINT_CHAIN_DETAIL=1 /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/cryptcp -copycert -dn CN=’Фёдорова Галина Борисовна’ -df

Источник

Вики IT-KB

Пошаговые руководства, шпаргалки, полезные ссылки.

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Боковая панель

Добавление в Linux корневых сертификатов X.509 локального корпоративного Центра сертификации

Некоторые службы и приложения в Linux могут использовать в своей работе сетевые соединения, защищаемые с помощью SSL/TLS. Иногда требуется, чтобы цифровой сертификат, используемый для защиты соединений и предоставляемый каким-то удалённым сервером из локальной сети, принимался локальной Linux-системой как доверенный. Для этого в Linux-систему может потребоваться добавить корневой сертификат Центра сертификации (ЦС), которым были выданы сертификаты, используемые для защиты соединений. Типичный пример, когда локальная Linux-система для механизмов аутентификации и авторизации подключается с помощью ldap-клиента (например OpenLDAP) к контроллеру домена Active Directory (AD) и контроллер домена предоставляет ldap-клиенту для защиты соединения сертификат, выданным локальным корпоративным ЦС.

Здесь мы рассмотрим простой пример того, как в Linux-систему добавить корневые сертификаты локального корпоративного ЦС.

О том, как «выуживать» корневые сертификаты ЦС, которыми подписаны сертификаты контроллеров домена AD, я приводил пример ранее. Если под руками есть доменная Windows-машина, то можно выгрузить корневой сертификат из оснастки управления сертификатами из раздела корневых сертификатов доверенных ЦС. Если корневой сертификат не один, а несколько (цепочка), то каждый корневой сертификат цепочки выгрузим в файл в кодировке Base-64, сразу присвоив им расширение PEM вместо CER

В результате такой выгрузки в нашем примере получится пара файлов AD-RootCA.pem (корневой сертификат ЦС верхнего уровня) и AD-SubCA.pem (корневой сертификат подчинённого ЦС). Скопируем полученные pem-файлы на наш Linux-сервер, например с помощью утилиты pscp, во временный каталог.

Перейдём на консоль Linux-сервера и переместим файлы коневых сертификатов из временного каталога в каталог, который мы создадим специально для хранения наших корневых сертификатов и подправим на эти сертификаты права (если требуется)

Теперь обработаем содержимое каталога с нашими сертификатами утилитой OpenSSL — c_rehash:

В результате выполнения этой команды в этом же каталоге будут созданы специальные хеш-ссылки на файлы сертификатов.

Помните про то, что если в дальнейшем в данный каталог потребуется снова добавить дополнительный сертификат, то команду c_rehash нужно будет выполнить для каталога заново, чтобы сгенерировались хеш-ссылки для добавленных сертификатов. И напротив, если из каталога будут удаляться какие-то сертификаты, то нужно будет выполнить команду, которая вычистит все хеш-ссылки на уже несуществующие файлы сертификатов:

Итак, каталог с сертификатами подготовлен, теперь можно его указывать в качестве источника доверенных корневых сертификатов для разных служб и приложений в нашей Linux-системе.

В качестве примера рассмотрим клиента OpenLDAP, для которого можно указать созданный нами каталог в конфигурационном файле ldap.conf ( /etc/ldap/ldap.conf ) в дополнительной опции TLS_CACERTDIR, таким образом, чтобы эта опция шла после имеющейся по умолчанию опции TLS_CACERT (подробнее об этих опциях можно найти в man ldap.conf ):

Примечание.
В Debian GNU/Linux параметр TLS_CACERTDIR может игнорироваться, о чём сказано в man ldap.conf .

Specifies the path of a directory that contains Certificate Authority certificates in separate individual files. The TLS_CACERT is always used before TLS_CACERTDIR. This parameter is ignored with GnuTLS. On Debian openldap is linked against GnuTLS…

В таком случае используйте для хранения доверенных корневых сертификатов отдельный файл (бандл, в который собраны все доверенные корневые сертификаты) и указывайте его расположение через параметр TLS_CACERT.

Собрать все нужные доверенные корневые сертификаты Центров сертификации в бандл можно простой склейкой содерживого PAM-файлов в колировке Base-64:

Соответственно, применительно к ранее упомянутому клиенту OpenLDAP в Debian GNU/Linux настройка конфигурации будет такой:

Автор первичной редакции:
Алексей Максимов
Время публикации: 25.03.2017 17:36

Обсуждение

Пытаюсь проделать такие же операции на CentOS, но нет такой команды «c_rehash»:

Источник

VOIP-LAB

Devops Engineer Laboratory — техническая документация. Быстрые решения.

Установка корневых сертификатов в Linux Mint / Ubuntu / Debian

Для того чтобы добавить корневые сертификаты необходимо выполнить 3 простых шага.

1. Создаем каталог для CA сертификатов /usr/share/ca-certificates

2. Копируем ‘.crt’ файл в созданный ранее каталог

3. Переконфигурируем пакет ca-certificates

Выделяем нужные сертификаты и жмем ОК.

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