Utm virtual machine mac os

Utm virtual machine mac os

In the main window, press the “+” button on the top toolbar next to the title. You have the option to browse the gallery (recommended for new users) or to create a new VM from scratch. If you choose to create from scratch, most users do not need to change any options except from the Information tab, the System tab, and the Drives tab. All the other tabs are for more advanced use cases and the options should be set to the recommended default.

Information

When creating a new VM from scratch, you will see the same screen as when modifying an existing VM’s configuration. In the Information tab, you should give your VM a Name and optionally assign an icon to identify your VM by. The name must be unique as it is also the name of the .utm package which contains all data corresponding to this VM.

You can also write any Notes that will be displayed in the home screen when the VM is selected.

System

In the System tab, you can configure the Architecture, System, and Memory. The architecture is the CPU and determines what operating systems you can run. The most common architecture is x86_64, which is used by modern Intel and AMD processors (most PCs) and is used by most versions of Windows and Linux.

When you change the architecture to a well-known one, other settings will change to the default recommended settings so in most cases you do not have to manually change any of the other settings (except Memory and Drives).

The System drop-down lets you fine tune the emulated system to be a specific model or device. Most users should not have to change this from the default.

You should not assign more memory than the amount of physical RAM on your computer or you may experience slowdowns or even crashes. It is recommended that you assign no more than half the amount of physical RAM if you do not want to significantly affect the performance of your Mac.

Most users should not touch the Advanced Settings, but there you can fine tune parts of the emulation.

The QEMU tab is only for advanced use cases and for debugging emulation issues. You can choose to enable debug logging and to export the last debug log (created when the VM starts). You can also export the full QEMU command generated by UTM for the current configuration. If you choose to Bypass Configuration, then all other configuration options (including attached drives) will be ignored! This option should only be used for debugging.

Drives

You can create and mount virtual drives for the VM in the Drives tab. Import Drive will let you select a file to mount and New Drive will let you create either an empty removable drive or an empty hard drive.

If you wish to mount an ISO disk image, it is recommended that you create a New Drive and check Removable. You can then select the ISO image from the home screen or while the VM is running. If you choose to Import the ISO, then you cannot change the mounted disk image while the VM is running.

If you choose to Import Drive, it is recommended that you import a QCOW2 formatted drive image. Most other common disk image formats are compatible with QEMU but you will not be able to suspend a running VM when you have non-removable non-QCOW2 images mounted.

If you create a New Drive you can choose the Interface to attach the drive to. Most users can leave the default here as only advanced use cases require changing the interface.

The listed order of the drives are the same order exposed to QEMU which can affect boot order. You can re-order drives by using the arrow buttons.

Display

The Display tab provides options to showing the VM’s output. Full Graphics emulates a display card while Console Only emulates a serial console. Full Graphics is not supported for all architectures and if it is not supported, it will be grayed out.

In Full Graphics, the Emulated Display Card will be set to be recommended default. Most users should not change this. The Scaling options control what hardware scalers are used when resizing the VM window. Most users should not change this.

In Console Only mode, you can change aspects of the terminal display. The Resize Console Command is a string that is sent to the serial input when the Resize button is pressed while the VM is running. The command is different depending on the guest operating system, but should be used to inform the OS that the console size has changed and to render UI elements accordingly. The default command should work in most Linux distributions.

Input

The Input tab gives the option for Legacy mode which should only be enabled for ancient operating systems (such as DOS) which does not support USB. Invert Mouse Scroll can be used to invert the emulated scroll wheel.

Network

If networking is unsupported by the emulated architecture, these options will be disabled. Advanced Options allow you to configure the guest network subnet and does not need to be used in most cases.

Port Forward lets you forward ports from the guest subnet to your local (host) machine.

Sound

If sound is unsupported by the emulated architecture, these options will be disabled. Emulated Audio Card should be set to the recommended default and can be changed for advanced use cases.

Sharing

If SPICE Guest Tools are installed in the guest OS, clipboard sharing and directory sharing can be used. If the tools are not installed, these features will not work even if enabled. The shared directory can be specified in the home screen.

Managing virtual machines

From the home screen, you can re-order the VM list by dragging the VM entry around. A secondary click on a VM will open a menu of options such as Delete, Clone, and Edit. You can also show the VM’s package location in Finder.

When a VM is selected, the top right toolbar provides similar operations.

To Start a VM, you can press the small play button on the right of the VM entry or the large play button when the VM is selected.

Using a virtual machine

Once started, there are a few buttons in the toolbar for controlling the virtual machine.

Power

Powers off the VM with a force power off.

Suspend

Only works if all non-removable drives are QCOW2 drive images AND the current VM is not virtualized (the guest and host architecture are the same). This allows you to save the state of the VM and the next time you start it, it will resume from this point instead of booting up fresh.

Restart

Force restarts the VM.

Capture Mouse

Not available in console mode. Fully captures mouse and keyboard input and redirects it to the VM. To exit this mode, press Control+Option key at once.

Resize

Only available in console mode. Sends the Resize Console Command configured in the Display tab of the settings screen. This allows you to notify the guest operating system that the console size changed and that UI can be rendered correctly.

Disk Image

Opens the disk image menu which allows you to change or eject the removable disk image. Only drives marked Removable (in Drives settings) support this.

Shared Directory

If Shared Directory is enabled (in Sharing settings) and the SPICE Guest Tools are installed in the guest operating system, this allows you to change the shared directory to be accessed in the guest.

UTM Preferences

You can access the preferences with Cmd+, or from the UTM menu. This allows you to change global emulation options including the option to disable virtualization (automatically enabled if the guest and host architecture are the same).

Источник

Installation

The easiest way to try out UTM is with one of the prebuilt VMs. Just download, unzip, and open the .utm from your device.

Background Options

If you enable running VM in the background, then UTM will query your location every few seconds to prevent iOS from killing the app. UTM does not store this unless debug logging is enabled (it shows up in the debug log). UTM does not send this data anywhere unless you manually export it and send it. Note that iOS may still kill the background app if it is using too much resources.

Auto save on background allows UTM to take a snapshot of the running VM whenever it enters the background. Then, if iOS decides to terminate it for any reason, it will resume from the snapshot. It is not recommended that this is enabled with the option to run in the background because any work done in the background will be lost when the snapshot is restored.

Auto save on low memory does the same thing except whenever iOS warns the app that it is running low on memory and may be terminated soon. Note this may not always work because iOS might kill the app as it is saving the snapshot.

Gesture and Input Options

Gesture and input options are shared amongst all VMs and is configured in the Settings app. These do not apply to Console mode.

Gestures can be used to simulate right clicks, click and drags, or mouse wheel. You can also disable some gestures. See the section below for a list of gestures.

For cursor modes, you can choose how each input device simulates a mouse cursor. “Touch mode” or “tablet mode” emulates a USB tablet device and sends direct input events. “Follow cursor” emulates a touchpad where you can drag the cursor around. To use different cursor modes, your VM needs to support USB HID devices (specifically USB mouse and USB tablet) and you cannot use “legacy mode” input.

For the option to try hiding cursor, the cursor can only be hidden if SPICE guest agent tools are installed.

Gamepad Options

You can use any iOS supported gamepad and map the gamepad keys to keyboard keys. The right thumbstick maps to the mouse and the left thumbstick maps to the scrollwheel.

Home Screen

Due to an iOS bug, you cannot force quit the app (for example, by swiping up in the app switcher). The only good way to quit UTM is the X button on the top left of the screen (or with the Power/Quit button in the VM). If you quit the app without using the designated exit button, then the app will no longer launch until you reboot your device.

Creating a new VM

Use the + button on the top right of the screen to create a new VM.

Starting a VM

Each valid .utm package in UTM’s Documents directory will show up as a tile. To start the VM, press the large button in the center of the tile. If there is currently a suspend image, then starting the VM will automatically resume it. You can only start one VM per launch of UTM. If you power down or exit UTM, then you can launch UTM again to get to the home screen.

Modifying an existing VM

For each tile, there is an “i” button that you can press to modify the VM settings.

New VM Settings

When creating a new VM with the + button, you are presented with a simplified set of options.

System

Read the section below on System settings for more information.

Drives

Read the section below on Drives/Images for more information.

Advanced

Check “Open Configuration after Creation” to show all configuration options.

Existing VM Settings

A unique name for this VM which will also be the file name of the .utm package.

Debug

Check “Debug Log” to capture a verbose debug log that will be stored in debug.log inside the .utm package for this VM. Please note that sensitive data may be captured in this log including keystrokes and location data (if background is enabled). The “Export Log…” option allows you to quickly access debug.log so you can send it somewhere. The current version of UTM is also displayed in this section.

System

Architecture

One of the supported CPU architectures that QEMU can emulate. The most common option is x86_64 which emulates an 64-bit PC.

System

QEMU does not just emulate a CPU, it emulates an entire system. This allows you to choose one of QEMU’s supported system. In most cases, you do not need to change from the default system for the selected architecture. It will automatically be highlighted when you select an architecture.

Memory

The amount of host memory to assign to the VM. Please note that iOS does not permit a single app to use more than about 40% of the device’s memory (it is even less on some devices). Because of JIT and other factors, the amount of memory specified here is not the total amount of memory that the VM will use. Near the bottom of the System page, you can find the estimated RAM usage along with the amount of RAM on the system.

If you do not know how much RAM to use, go with a safe guess and if it is too much the VM will either refuse to boot or you will get a warning about memory usage.

CPU Count

In most cases, you should put ‘1’ here! Even if you have a device with multiple cores, QEMU does not emulate multiple CPU on separate cores unless the architecture supports it. The most common architecture, x86_64 (and i386) do not support multicore emulation on ARM. Only architectures with a weak memory model (such as ARM and ARM64) does support multicore emulation (on ARM).

Only applicable to pc targets. It specifies the device to boot from first. On other targets this option is ignored. It is usually safe to set it to cd even if you do not have a CD drive.

JIT Cache

See comment about Memory above. This lets you fine tune the JIT cache size. By default, the JIT cache is set to 1/4 of the host memory. So for example, if you set host memory to 512 MB, then JIT cache will be 128 MB for a total of 640 MB. However, because iOS treats JIT memory differently, it sees JIT memory as double the size that is actually used. So iOS thinks the app is using 768 MB of memory. Remember iOS will kill any app that uses more than 40% of the total memory.

The Estimated Usage cell near the bottom will do the math for you.

Force Multicore

Advanced users only. This will force multiple CPUs to be emulated on different physical cores. Note that this is unsupported for a reason. The emulation will not be correct in most cases and this should only be used for development or very simple BIOS apps.

Machine Properties

Some targets support additional properties. You can specify them here in a comma separated list of the form property=value . For example: via=pmu,vmport=off . This is an advanced option that most do not need to touch. You can refer to QEMU documentation for valid properties to use.

Additional QEMU Arguments

You can specify additional arguments to pass to QEMU. Note that the options are not checked in case they collide with automatically generated arguments. You can enable debug logging to see what options are passed to QEMU. Each additional argument is separated by a space. You can also use spaces in an argument such as -option value . If you want to escape spaces, make sure to use quotes: -option «value with space» .

Drives/Images

To add a new drive, press the + button on the top right. To change the image file of an existing drive, select the drive in the list. To delete an existing drive you can swipe a row left or use the Edit button on the top right and then tap the — button to the left of the row.

Note that when you delete a drive, you will be prompted to delete the underlying file. If you choose not not delete the file, it will continue to use your storage and the disk image will be stored in the .utm package. You can add a new drive and re-link it to the image.

Select Image

You can get to the selector by choosing the “Image Path”.

You can select an existing image in the list or import/create a new image. Only images in the current .utm package are listed here. You can delete any image by swiping left or with the Edit button. Note that if you delete an image here, the file will be deleted permanently.

Press the + button on the top right to either Import or Create a new image. If you choose to Import an image, you can presented with a file selection screen where you can choose a disk image (e.g. ISO file) from any location. A copy of that file will be made into the .utm package. Once the import completes, it is safe to delete the original file.

If you choose to Create a new image, you can give it a file name (can be anything, the extension doesn’t matter) and a size. Note the created disk image will be a QCOW2 formatted file that will auto-grow up to the specified size. Current UTM limitation prevents you from creating more than one disk image per launch.

Image Type

• Disk Image: Most common type. Usually a QCOW2 image to use as the main disk for the VM. However, any disk image supported by QEMU can be used here. Note that only QCOW2 images support suspend/resume features.
• CD/DVD Image: Typically a read-only image such as an .ISO to use for booting into an installer or live CD.
• BIOS: Advanced usage. Allows you to specify a custom BIOS image.
• Linux Kernel: Advanced usage. Boot directly into a Linux kernel.
• Linux RAM Disk: Advanced usage. Linux initrd.
• Linux Device Tree Binary: Advanced usage. Linux DTB. Not required for Linux boot.

Image Location

Specifies the hardware location for disk images and CD images. The most common option is ide for PC emulation. For ARM Virt emulation, use virtio. Other options are for advanced users only.

Display

Full Graphics will emulate a VGA connection for graphical interfaces. Console Mode is faster but can only output a character port from the emulated device directly to UTM’s built in terminal emulator.

Resolution

Requires SPICE guest agent tools to be installed on the VM guest. Currently only supported on Windows and a few Linux distributions.

Fit to Screen without Retina Mode will use the “effective” resolution of the device. This is usually 1/2 or 1/3 of the number of pixels on the display. You would need to use the Zoom function to zoom into the display, which should be the correct aspect ratio.

Fit to Screen with Retina Mode will use the “native” resolution of the device. If the OS does not have a HiDPI mode, then objects will be too small. This also requires a lot of host RAM for a large screen device (like the iPad), so if you enable this option and it does not work, you likely do not have enough RAM.

Retina Mode enabled without Fit to Screen enabled does nothing.

Scaling

You can choose the minfilter (downscaling) and magfilter (upscaling). Linear will make text look blurry but images look smooth. Nearest neighbor will make text look sharp but images look blocky. If you are booting into a text UI, it is recommended that you choose nearest neighbor.

Console Settings

Currently you can only choose the Font and Font Size. The Font can be any mono-spaced font installed on the system. If you want the cursor to blink, you have the option to enable that here as well.

Resize Console Command

When you press the resize button in the VM, it will send this string of text to the terminal. The following replacements will be made to the string:

• $ROWS will be replaced by the number of rows that can currently be seen on screen.
• $COLS will be replaced by the number of columns that can currently be seen on screen.
• \n will be replaced by a new line (Enter key).

You can use this to send a resize command to the VM. The default uses stty which should work on most Linux distributions.

Input

Legacy Mode

When enabled, a PS/2 mouse and keyboard will be used. Otherwise a USB mouse and keyboard will be used. Legacy mode does not support emulated USB tablet device (used by “touch mode” or “tablet mode”).

Invert Mouse Scroll

When enabled, an external mouse or trackpad scroll event will be inverted.

Gesture and Cursor Settings

Goes to the Settings screen.

Networking

You can enable/disable networking and select the network card to emulate.

Isolate Guest

This option makes it so the guest cannot see the host network at all.

Advanced Configuration

These options let you configure the virtual guest network. UTM uses QEMU’s slirp usermode networking driver.

Port Forwarding

You can forward guest ports to host ports. For example, if you have an HTTP server running on the VM’s port 80 and you forward host TCP port 8080 to guest TCP port 80 then you can access “http://localhost:8080/” from Safari to communicate with the HTTP server. If host/guest addresses are not specified, then all host interfaces will be binded to and all guests will be forwarded.

Sound

You can enable/disable sound and select the sound card to emulate. Does not work in Console mode.

Sharing

Clipboard Sharing

Requires SPICE guest agent tools. This will synchronize the VM’s clipboard with the device’s clipboard. The synchronization happens whenever you copy something inside the VM or if you task switch (UTM to the foreground) on the host.

Shared Directory

Requires SPICE WebDAV service. Note that Windows XP support by SPICE is not perfect and Windows 7 is recommended for working WebDAV. You can share any directory inside UTM’s Documents directory except any .utm package.

Virtual Machine

Toolbar options

From left to right:

• Power: sends a power button event to the VM. Once this is pressed, the button changes to an X which allows you to force quit UTM. Note the power and X button are the only safe way of exiting UTM. If you quit UTM any other way (including swiping up from the app switcher), an iOS bug will prevent you from launching UTM again until you reboot.
• Pause: suspends the VM and makes a snapshot (if supported). This button becomes a Play button after Pause completes and can resume the VM (and delete the snapshot).
• Restart: sends a reset button event to the VM.
• Zoom: first press will attempt to zoom the display to fit. Second press will reset the display state (zoom out and centered).
• Keyboard: shows or hides the keyboard. In console mode, the keyboard must be shown to type anything in the console.
• Settings: not implemented
• Hide: Hides the toolbar. To show again, use a three finger downwards gesture. If the keyboard is visible, you need to make the gesture twice.

Gestures

In Console mode, the only gestures available is Three Finger Swipe Up/Down.

Long press

Configurable in Settings:

• Disabled
• Click & Hold (default)
• Right Click

Two Finger Tap

Configurable in Settings:

Two Finger Pan

Configurable in Settings:

• Disabled
• Move Screen (default)
• Click & Hold (move cursor while clicking)
• Mouse Wheel (only up and down)

Two Finger Pinch

If Move Screen is selected for Two Finger Pan: zoom the screen.

Otherwise: does nothing.

Two Finger Swipe

Configurable in Settings:

• Disabled (default)
• Mouse Wheel (each swipe up or down is one event)

Three Finger Pan

Configurable in Settings:

• Disabled (default)
• Move Screen
• Click & Hold (move cursor while clicking)
• Mouse Wheel (only up and down)

Three Finger Swipe Up

If toolbar is visible: hide the toolbar

If toolbar is not visible: show the keyboard

Three Finger Swipe Down

If toolbar is visible: hide the keyboard

If toolbar is not visible: show the toolbar

Источник