Wake on lan linux send

Бред, это просто название протокола, RFC863.

Если на компьютере несколько сетевых карт обязательно нужно указать в параметр -i адрес

Например, если нужно разбудить комп с адресом 192.168.2.34 в сети 192.168.2.0/24 то можно так и указать например широковещательный адрес сети

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WOL: Приключения «Волшебного Пакета» в Linux

Совсем недавно LeeMiller описал как воспользоваться посылкой «волшебного пакета» для удаленного включения компьютера под управлением Windows, большое ему спасибо.
Очень странно, что ни кто не спросил в комментариях, — А как же быть с Линуксом? Ничего не получается, у него нет, как минимум, Пуск — Панель Управления — Сетевые Подключения!

Либо все и так всё знают, либо это никому не надо, но я, всё же, рискну об этом написать.
Пост будет творческой переработкой моего стародавнего HowTo, опубликованного на forum.ubuntu.ru, написанного, в свою очередь, после чтения англоязычных мануалов.

UPD: перенёс в «Железо», поближе к топику-мотиватору. Смотрится странно, выслушаю пожелания на перенос в другое место.

Всю теорию и настройку BIOS’а я опускаю, её замечательно разобрал LeeMiller.
Нашей задачей будет заставить сетевую карту оставаться в ждущем режиме после выключения компьютера. Если в Windows для этого достаточно поставить одну галку, то в Linux настройки сетевой карты не запоминаются и надо их производить при каждом запуске системы. Для этого понадобится сделать скриптик и поставить его на загрузку ОС.
Опыты ставились над Ubuntu, но я думаю что с «другими линуксами» проблем возникнуть не должно.

Приступим

Наблюдаем результат наподобие
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 01:23:45:67:89:ab
inet addr:192.168.1.2 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::215:f2ff:fe6f:3487/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:71495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:76190 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:23164212 (22.0 MiB) TX bytes:7625016 (7.2 MiB)
Interrupt:217 Base address:0xd400

lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1290 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1290 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:161182 (157.4 KiB) TX bytes:161182 (157.4 KiB)

В данном примере у нас одна сетевая карта, eth0. Если карт несколько, то их несколько 🙂

— Теперь создаем сам скрипт, для этого сначала необходимо получить права администратора:

Здесь я хочу обратить внимание на параметры: -s eth0 wol значит «заставить WOL карточки eth0» g — «ждать волшебного пакета». У WOL есть еще пяток вариантов чего ждать, но к данной теме это не относится.

Если никакого вывода не последовало и показалась следующая строка ввода — значит всё прошло гладко.

— Проверяем на практике.
Распечатываем данное руководство, выключаем первый компьютер и идём ко второму 🙂
Шлём пакет одним из предложенных LeeMiller’ом способов. Если способы не нравятся — рекомендую свой любимый, простенький веб-сервис, которым можно воспользоваться даже при помощи браузера в сотовом телефоне.

Хочу обратиться к тем, кто умнее меня, — если есть (наверняка есть) более красивый способ реализации — сообщайте, будем обновлять знания!

И благодарю LeeMiller’a за то что отсыпал кармы из волшебного пакета, без этого ничего бы не вышло.

Источник

Wake-on-LAN

Wake-on-LAN (WoL) is a feature to switch on a computer via the network.

Contents

Hardware settings

The target computer’s motherboard and Network Interface Controller have to support Wake-on-LAN. The target computer has to be physically connected (with a cable) to a router or to the source computer for WoL to work properly. Some wireless cards have support for Wake on Wireless (WoWLAN or WoW).

The Wake-on-LAN feature also has to be enabled in the computer’s BIOS. Different motherboard manufacturers use slightly different language for this feature. Look for terminology such as «PCI Power up», «Allow PCI wake up event» or «Boot from PCI/PCI-E».

Note that some motherboards are affected by a bug that can cause immediate or random #Wake-up after shutdown whenever the BIOS WoL feature is enabled.

Software configuration

Enable WoL on the network adapter

Depending on the hardware, the network driver may have WoL switched off by default.

To query this status or to change the settings, install ethtool , determine the name of the network interface, and query it using the command:

The Wake-on values define what activity triggers wake up: d (disabled), p (PHY activity), u (unicast activity), m (multicast activity), b (broadcast activity), a (ARP activity), and g (magic packet activity). The value g is required for WoL to work, if not, the following command enables the WoL feature in the driver:

This command might not last beyond the next reboot and in this case must be repeated via some mechanism. Common solutions are listed in the following subsections.

Make it persistent

systemd.link

Link-level configuration is possible through systemd-networkd#link files. The actual setup is performed by the net_setup_link udev builtin. Add the WakeOnLan option to the network link file:

Also see systemd.link(5) for more information.

systemd service

This is an equivalent of previous systemd.link option, but uses a standalone systemd service.

Alternatively install the wol-systemd AUR package, then activate this new service by starting wol@interface.service .

udev is capable of running any command as soon as a device is visible. The following rule will turn on WOL on all network interfaces whose name matches enp* . The file name is important and must start with a number between 81 and 99 so that it runs after 80-net-setup-link.rules , which renames interfaces with predicable names. Otherwise, NAME would be undefined and the rule would not run.

The $name placeholder will be replaced by the value of the NAME variable for the matched device.

A command can be run each time the computer is (re)booted using «@reboot» in a crontab. First, make sure cron is enabled, and then edit a crontab for the root user that contains the following line:

netctl

If using netctl, one can make this setting persistent by adding the following the netctl profile:

NetworkManager

NetworkManager provides Wake-on-LAN ethernet support. One way to enable Wake-on-LAN by magic packet is through nmcli.

First, search for the name of the wired connection:

By following, one can view current status of Wake-on-LAN settings:

Enable Wake-on-LAN by magic packet on that connection:

Then reboot, possibly two times. To disable Wake-on-Lan, substitute magic with ignore .

The Wake-on-LAN settings can also be changed from the GUI using nm-connection-editor .

You can disable Wake-on-Lan for all connections permanently by adding a dedicated configuration file :

Enable WoL in TLP

When using TLP for suspend/hibernate, the WOL_DISABLE setting should be set to N in /etc/tlp.conf to allow resuming the computer with WoL.

Trigger a wake up

To trigger WoL on a target machine, its MAC address must be known. To obtain it, execute the following command from the machine:

Here the MAC address is 48:05:ca:09:0e:6a .

In its simplest form, Wake-on-LAN broadcasts the magic packet as an ethernet frame, containing the MAC address within the current network subnet, below the IP protocol layer. The knowledge of an IP address for the target computer is not necessary, as it operates on layer 2 (Data Link).

If used to wake up a computer over the internet or in a different subnet, it typically relies on the router to relay the packet and broadcast it. In this scenario, the external IP address of the router must be known. Keep in mind that most routers by default will not relay subnet directed broadcasts as a safety precaution and need to be explicitly told to do so.

Applications that are able to send magic packets for Wake-on-LAN:

• gWakeOnLAN — GTK utility to awake turned off computers through the Wake-on-LAN feature.

https://muflone.com/gwakeonlan/english/ || gwakeonlan

• wol — Implements Wake-on-LAN functionality in a small program. It wakes up hardware that is Magic Packet compliant. Note: This application will need the port changed to 9 from the default(40000) using the -p argument/flag.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/wake-on-lan/ || wol

• wol_qt — Qt utility with integrated ARP scan to find MAC addresses and batch sending of Wake-on-LAN packets.

https://github.com/stefmitropoulos/wol_qt || wol_qtAUR

On the same LAN

If you are connected directly to another computer through a network cable, or the traffic within a LAN is not firewalled, then using Wake-on-LAN should be straightforward since there is no need to worry about port redirects.

In the simplest case the default broadcast address 255.255.255.255 is used:

To broadcast the magic packet only to a specific subnet or host, use the -i switch:

Across the internet

When the source and target computers are separated by a NAT router, different solution can be envisaged:

• If the router supports WoL, one can rely on it to properly broadcast the packet into the local network.

Otherwise Wake-on-Lan can be achieved via port forwarding. The router needs to be configured using one of these two options:

• Forward a different port to each target machine. This requires any target machine to have a static IP address on its LAN.
• Forward a single port to the broadcast address. Most routers do not allow to forward to broadcast, however if you can get shell access to your router, through telnet, ssh, serial cable or other mean, run the command: This example assumes the network is 192.168.1.0/24 and uses net0 as network interface. Now, forward UDP port 9 to 192.168.1.254. This solution was successfully tested on a Linksys WRT54G running Tomato, and on the Verizon FIOS ActionTec router. For notes on how to do it on a router with DD-WRT firmware, see this tutorial and for a router with OpenWrt firmware, see this tutorial.

In any case, run the following command from the source computer to trigger wake-up:

Miscellaneous

Check reception of the magic packets

In order to make sure the WoL packets reach the target computer, one can listen to the UDP port, usually port 9, for magic packets. The magic packet frame expected contains 6 bytes of FF followed by 16 repetitions of the target computer’s MAC (6 bytes each) for a total of 102 bytes.

Using netcat

This can be performed by installing gnu-netcat on the target computer and using the following command:

Then wait for the incoming traffic to appear in the nc terminal.

Using ngrep

Install ngrep on the target computer and type the following command:

Example of WoL script

Here is a script that illustrates the use of wol with different machines:

Troubleshooting

NetworkManager

Network adapter is still powered off on shutdown

Setting auto negotiation to yes may help if WOL is configured through nmcli and network adapter is still powered off on shutdown.

Wake-up after shutdown

It is known that some motherboards are affected by a bug that can cause immediate or random wake-up after a shutdown whenever the BIOS WoL feature is enabled (as discussed in this thread for example).

Fix using BIOS Settings

The following actions in the BIOS preferences can solve this issue with some motherboards:

1. Disable all references to xHCI in the USB settings (note this will also disable USB 3.0 at boot time)
2. Disable EuP 2013 if it is explicitly an option
3. Optionally enable wake-up on keyboard actions

Fix by Kernel quirks

The issue can also be solved by adding the following kernel boot parameter: xhci_hcd.quirks=270336 This activates the following quirks:

Battery draining problem

Some laptops have a battery draining problem after shutdown [1]. This might be caused by enabled WOL. To solve this problem, disable it by using ethtool as mentioned above.

Realtek

Users with Realtek 8168 8169 8101 8111(C) based NICs (cards / and on-board) may notice a problem where the NIC seems to be disabled on boot and has no Link light. See Network configuration/Ethernet#Realtek no link / WOL problem.

If the link light on the network switch is enabled when the computer is turned off but wake on LAN is still not working, booting the system using the r8168 kernel module at least once and then switching back to the r8169 kernel module included with the kernel seems to fix it at least in the following configurations:

• MSI B85M-E45 motherboard, BIOS version V10.9, onboard Realtek 8111G chipset

For the r8168 module you might need to set the s5wol=1 module option to enable the wake on LAN functionality.

alx driver support

For some newer Atheros-based NICs (such as Atheros AR8161 and Killer E2500), WOL support has been disabled in the mainline alx module due to a bug causing unintentional wake-up (see this patch discussion). A patch can be applied (or installed as a dkms module) which both restores WOL support and fixes the underlying bug, as outlined in this thread.

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