What language is used to write operating systems (Windows)? [closed]

Want to improve this question? Update the question so it’s on-topic for Stack Overflow.

Closed 10 years ago .

What is the language used to write operating systems (Windows) or a boot CD?

5 Answers 5

Boot loaders are usually written in Assembly, as well as low-level kernel parts, like hardware drivers.
The kernel itself can be written in different languages, like Assembly, C or C++.

Maybe you want to look into the Singularity Project.

Its from Microsoft Reseach, on how today a OS could be built.

there you find a lot of papers, on the concepts of building an OS.

Operating Systems can be written in pretty much any language, and there are plenty of Operating Systems written in an whole bunch of languages. Just a couple of examples:

• Singularity is written in Sing# which is a superset of Spec#, which in turn is a superset of C#
• House is written in Haskell
• all of the Lisp OS’s are written in Lisp
• there are several Smalltalk OSs written in Smalltalk
• many embeddded OSs are written in Forth
• SharpOS and Cosmos are written in C#
• NewOS and JNode are written in Java
• Ununumium used to be written largely in Python, but now they have shifted their focus, it is written largely in assembly
• You can argue whether JS/UX is an OS or not, but it is written in JavaScript
• Modula-2 was explicitly invented for the purpose of writing an OS
• Oberon also was explicitly invented for OS development
• the original MacOS was written in Pascal
• the original OS/400 was written in Modula-2 and PL/MI
• Eleanor McHugh has some preliminary ideas for writing an OS in Ruby
• the Windows NT kernel is written largely in C, however the farther away you get from the kernel, there might be some C++ or even C# in there

I’m pretty sure the earliest versions of Windows were written primarily in Pascal. That’s why you can still find references to pascal calling conventions in old documents and header files, though AFAIK those conventions only ever applied to 16 bit Windows.

[EDIT — I’m now pretty sure I was told a while ago that this is wrong. Microsoft had reasons for using Pascal call conventions that I don’t remember, but didn’t use Pascal for coding Windows (or the majority of it or whatever)].

These days, Windows is probably written in a mixture of languages, though with the emphasis strongly on C and C++. For example, some parts of .NET are probably written in C#, and these days that easily counts as an O/S component.

Similarly, I’ll bet there are at least a few Objective C components in modern versions of the Mac O/S.

There are a lot of languages that are somewhat suited to writing operating systems. In niche areas, I’m certain you’ll find Ada, Modula 2 and more.

Imperative languages without garbage collection are probably most common because of the relative ease of interfacing to hardware and assembler code. However, most functional languages are impure. There are low-level versions of Lisp around, if you look hard enough. And ML-family languages and Haskell have probably been used in operating systems, at least for research/academic purposes.

In fact, I wouldn’t be surprised to find even a bit of Prolog in some operating systems components — and certainly some code written using custom-made domain specific languages.

What do you use to write on car windows

16.1 Write a sentence with just for each picture

1. They’ve just arrived.
2. He has just woke up.
3. They’ve just bought a car.
4. The race has just started.

16.2 Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.

1. What time is Paul arriving? He’s already arrived.
2. Do your friends want to see the film? No, they’ve already seen it.
3. Don’t forget to phone Tom. I’ve already phoned him.
4. When is Martin going away? He has already gone.
5. Do you want to read the newspaper? I’ve already read it.
6. When does Sarah start her new job? He has already started.

16.3 Write a sentence with just (They’ve just. / She’s just. etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven’t. yet / She hasn’t. yet etc.).

1. She hasn’t gone out yet.
2. The bus has just gone.
3. The train hasn’t left yet.
4. He hasn’t opened it yet.
5. They have just finished their dinner.
6. It hasn’t stopped raining yet.

16.4 Write questions with yet.

1. Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her:
   • Have you started your new job yet?
2. Your friend has some new neighbors. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him:
   • Have you met your new neighbors yet?
3. Your friend must pay her phone bill. Perhaps she has paid it. You ask her:
   • Have you paid your phone bill yet?
4. Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend about Tom:
   • Has Tom sold his car yet?

What do people use to write on car windows?

You know that stuff people use to write on people’s windows on their cars (mainly teenagers)? What’s that stuff called? I want to get some, but I don’t know exactly what I’m looking for. Thanks!
Oh! And how do you clean it off?

12 Answer s

White shoe polish.

They always used soap when I was a kid.

That comes off with itself and water. 😉

shoe polish is what I know people use.

So in this day and age, they generally get stuff that is specific paint for car windows. You can get it anywhere they sell party or school spirit stuff. Or amazon.com I’m sure. It just takes warm water to come off unless you leave it on forever. Then it takes soap too.

If it ever gets cranky about coming off, the Mr. Clean erasers WORK.

You can use shoe polish but they have stuff specifically for it… I usually find it in the party section at Wal-mart, also try arts and crafts.
Edit: and they are way cheaper than the ones I saw linked earlier.

Liquid Chalk Pens, You can write on glass and such and it’ll rub right off once its dried

probably this sort of thing
that’s what everone i know has always used

crayola has a window marker that works just like a big dry erase marker. they have lots of bright colors and wash off in a car wash.

If the car is dirty enough, you can just use your fingers
Though, you probably won’t get the same colorful effect.

thank you! I got some!

Here in Ft.Myers, Fl it is carried in A.C.Moore The crayola window marker. Thanks so much .

Answer this question

Login

This question is in the General Section. Responses must be helpful and on-topic.

What do people use to write on car windows?

You know that stuff people use to write on people’s windows on their cars (mainly teenagers)? What’s that stuff called? I want to get some, but I don’t know exactly what I’m looking for. Thanks!
Oh! And how do you clean it off?

12 Answer s

White shoe polish.

They always used soap when I was a kid.

That comes off with itself and water. 😉

shoe polish is what I know people use.

So in this day and age, they generally get stuff that is specific paint for car windows. You can get it anywhere they sell party or school spirit stuff. Or amazon.com I’m sure. It just takes warm water to come off unless you leave it on forever. Then it takes soap too.

If it ever gets cranky about coming off, the Mr. Clean erasers WORK.

You can use shoe polish but they have stuff specifically for it… I usually find it in the party section at Wal-mart, also try arts and crafts.
Edit: and they are way cheaper than the ones I saw linked earlier.

Liquid Chalk Pens, You can write on glass and such and it’ll rub right off once its dried

probably this sort of thing
that’s what everone i know has always used

crayola has a window marker that works just like a big dry erase marker. they have lots of bright colors and wash off in a car wash.

If the car is dirty enough, you can just use your fingers
Though, you probably won’t get the same colorful effect.

thank you! I got some!

Here in Ft.Myers, Fl it is carried in A.C.Moore The crayola window marker. Thanks so much .

Answer this question

Login

This question is in the General Section. Responses must be helpful and on-topic.

what can you use to write on the car window?

13 Answers

You can buy a product at Wal-Mart or K-Mart that is made for this purpose. It goes on like a shoe polish but cleans much easier with water only. It also comes in several bright colors, or white.

Write On Windows

if you use shoe polish you will find the longer it is on the harder it is to get off. If there are scratches in your window it will be near impossible to remove. If you have a local Auto parts store that caters to drag racers go there and ask for a bottle of Wright On. it is kinda like shoe polish but designed for drag racers who have to change their numbers quite often.

as others have stated, white shoe polish works. They do make a marker kind of like a bingo marker specifically for glass marking. We use it to mark our #’s on the windshield when we race at the drag strip. It washes off quickly and easily.

Safely, you can use shave cream, shoe polish or bar soap. All these can be easily removed with water.

But do NOT put ANY substances on the car’s paint!

White shoe polish works well and also is easily removed with water.

shoe polish works good. and since its mostly wax, it will not damage the paint if you miss the window.

I like those window markers that the kids use for their graduation.

Just about anything that will work. If you mean what won’t damage the windows and is removable, try here: http://www.centurynovelty.com/items.jsp?category=2.

Trending Questions

Trending Questions

Answer Questions

Answer Questions

Yahoo Answers is shutting down on May 4th, 2021 (Eastern Time) and the Yahoo Answers website is now in read-only mode. There will be no changes to other Yahoo properties or services, or your Yahoo account. You can find more information about the Yahoo Answers shutdown and how to download your data on this help page.