Mac OS
Mac OS is the computer operating system for Apple Computer’s MacIntosh line of personal computers and workstations. A popular feature of its latest version, Mac OS X , is a desktop interface with some 3-D appearance characteristics. OS X has a modular design intended to make it easier to add new features to the operating system in the future. It runs UNIX applications as well as older Mac applications.
Mac OS comes with Apple Computer’s iMac and Power Macintosh line of computers.
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Mac OS (Classic)
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What Does Mac OS (Classic) Mean?
The classic Mac OS is Apple’s operating system (OS) used in Macintosh (Mac) computers prior to the release of the Mac OS X. Mac OS X is Apple’s current OS series.
In 1984, Apple released the original Mac OS. Known as Mac System Software, it came on a single floppy disk and included a graphical user interface (GUI) that focused on single users and tasks. Thus, multitasking was not required or used until subsequent Mac OS versions were released.
In fall 1999, the most recent classic Apple OS was released as Mac OS 9. A major release, Mac OS 9 was packed with new software tools and features and paved the way for Mac OS X.
Techopedia Explains Mac OS (Classic)
The classic Mac OS shared many features with the Lisa OS, such as the trash can. Also, it relied entirely on its GUI, while most operating systems of that era relied on command prompts. When the Mac OS booted up, Finder was the default displayed application. It allowed users to launch single apps and browse files. Because the OS was single-tasking, users were required to quit apps before pulling up Finder or opening new apps.
The file system of the classic Mac OS was known as the Macintosh File System (MFS). It was flat, meaning that all files were stored in a single directory. However, system software displayed folders in a nested format. Also, each disk contained an empty folder in the root storage level. Renaming this folder was required before creating new folders, and the OS copied the empty folder each time it was renamed.
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Mac OS
This is the operating system that runs on Macintosh computers. It is pronounced, «mack-oh-es.» The Mac OS has been around since the first Macintosh was introduced in 1984. Since then, it has been continually updated and many new features have been added to it. Each major OS release is signified by a new number (i.e. Mac OS 8, Mac OS 9).
Since the core of the Mac OS was nearly decades old, Apple decided to completely revamp the operating system. In March of 2001, Apple introduced a completely new version of the Mac OS that was written from the ground up. The company dubbed it «Mac OS X,» correctly pronounced «Mac OS 10.» Unlike earlier versions of the Mac OS, Mac OS X is based on the same kernel as Unix and has many advanced administrative features and utilities. Though the operating system is much more advanced than earlier versions of the Mac OS, it still has the same ease-of-use that people have come to expect from Apple software.
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Mac OS X
Mac OS X (with X representing Roman numeral ten) is an operating system for Apple’s Macintosh computers. In addition to many distinct end user functionalities, it supports multiple development technologies including UNIX, Java, the proprietary Cocoa and Carbon runtime environments, and a host of open source, Web, scripting, and database applications. Released in 2001, Mac OS X replaced its predecessor, “Classic” Mac OS version 9, effectively introducing a new nomenclature. The following timeline of updates used the same “Mac OS X” prefix:
- Cheetah (v10.0) – March 2001
- Puma (v10.1) – September 2001
- Jaguar (v10.2) – August 2002
- Panther (v10.3) – October 2003
- Tiger (v10.4) – April 2005
- Leopard (v10.5) – October 2007
- Snow Leopard (v10.6) – June 2009
- Lion (v10.7) – July 2011
- Mountain Lion (v10.8) – July 2012
- Mavericks (v10.9) – October 2013
- Yosemite (v10.10) – October 2014
- El Capitan (v10.11) – September 2015
With Sierra in 2016, Apple began using an even shorter naming convention, simply “macOS”:
- Sierra (v10.12) – September 2016
- High Sierra (v10.13) – September 2017
- Mojave (v10.14) – September 2018
- Catalina (v10.15) – October 2019
- Big Sur (v10.16) – June 2020
Mac OS X features
Because the legacy Mac OS was losing its competitive edge and lacked a number of in-demand features offered by Windows , Mac OS X was expected to be a major operating system evolution. In addition to major aesthetic upgrades like the Aqua user interface and the Dock, Apple also used Mac OS X to introduce a number of native applications such as Mail, Address Book, and TextEdit.
Subsequent releases have largely maintained the original look and feel of Mac OS X Cheetah, with small refinements to streamline the user experience. New features have also become standard since the first OS X launch, including Safari , Spotlight, Quick Look, multi-touch gestures, and iCloud .
One relatively major change had nothing to do with the technology itself beginning with OS X Mavericks in 2013, Apple released updates to its operating system free of charge for Mac users. This is a distinct shift from the
$130 price tag associated with the original OS X launch and its subsequent updates, a change that CEO Tim Cook reportedly said more closely aligned with the goals of Apple as a company.
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Mac OS
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Mac OS, operating system (OS) developed by the American computer company Apple Inc. The OS was introduced in 1984 to run the company’s Macintosh line of personal computers (PCs). The Macintosh heralded the era of graphical user interface (GUI) systems, and it inspired Microsoft Corporation to develop its own GUI, the Windows OS.
Apple’s marketing for the introduction of the Macintosh focused heavily on its operating system’s intuitive ease of use. Unlike virtually all other contemporary PCs, the Mac OS (initially designated simply System Software, with a version number appended) was graphically based. Rather than typing commands and directory paths at text prompts, users moved a mouse pointer to visually navigate the Finder—a series of virtual folders and files, represented by icons. Most computer operating systems eventually adopted the GUI model. In the 1980s Apple made an agreement allowing Microsoft to use certain aspects of the Mac interface in early versions of Windows. However, except for a brief period in the 1990s, Mac OS has never been licensed for use with computers made by manufacturers other than Apple.
Later Mac OS releases introduced features such as Internet file sharing, network browsing, and multiple user accounts. In 1996 Apple acquired rival NeXT Computers, which was founded by Steven Jobs after his departure from Apple, and in 2001 the company rolled out Mac OS X, a major redesign based on both the NextStep system and Apple’s most recent OS release. OS X ran on a UNIX kernel (core software code) and offered technical advances such as memory protection and preemptive multitasking, along with a more versatile Finder, an elegant-looking interface called Aqua, and a convenient graphical “Dock” bar for launching frequently used applications. Updates to OS X added features such as automated backups and a “Dashboard” manager for small, handy applications called widgets.
From 2007 Apple unveiled a number of mobile devices that could access the Internet, including the iPhone smartphone and the iPad tablet computer. Apple soon emphasized the ability of OS X to connect with these devices. In 2011 Apple introduced iCloud, a cloud computing service that allowed users to share data among all of their Apple devices, for both OS X and the mobile operating system iOS. Apple added more features allowing connectivity between devices to successive updates of OS X, iOS, and later watchOS (the operating system for the Apple Watch smartwatch). These features included the ability to receive phone calls (made to the iPhone) and the means of quickly sharing data (such as photos and text) among devices.
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