What is mta in linux

7 Best Mail Transfer Agents (MTA’s) for Linux

On a network such as the Internet, mail clients send mails to a mail server which then routes the messages to the correct destinations (other clients). The mail server uses a network application called Mail Transfer Agent (MTA).

Best Linux Mail Transfer Agents (MTA’s)

What is a Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)?

An MTA is an application that routes and transmits electronic mail from one node on a network to another. It uses a protocol known as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to perform its task.

On a network node, exists an email client that is used to send and receive messages to and from the mail server, an email client also makes use of the SMTP protocol but it is not necessarily an MTA.

MTA’s are installed on a mail server and email clients such as Mozilla Thunderbird, Evolution, Microsoft’s Outlook, and Apple Mail are installed on a mail client (user computer).

In this article, we shall look at a round-up of the best and most used MTA’s on Linux mail servers.

1. Sendmail

Sendmail now known as Proofpoint (after Proofpoint, Inc acquired Sendmail, Inc) is by far the most popular and one of the oldest MTA on the Linux server platform. Sendmail has a lot of limitations though, in comparison to modern MTAs.

Because of its complicated configuration steps and demands, and weak security mechanisms, many new MTAs have come up as alternatives to Sendmail, but importantly, it offers everything to do with mail on a network.

2. Postfix

Postfix is a cross-platform, popular MTA that was designed and developed by Wietse Zweitze Venema for his mail server while working at the IBM research department.

It was primarily developed as an alternative to well-known and popular Sendmail MTA. Postfix runs on Linux, Mac OSX, Solaris, and several other Unix-like operating systems.

It borrows a lot of Sendmail properties on the outside, but it has a totally and comprehensively distinct internal operation. Additionally, it bids to be fast in performance with easy configurations and secure operation mechanism and has the following major features:

1. Junk mail control
2. Supports multiple protocols
3. Database support
4. Mailbox support
5. Address manipulation support and many more

3. Exim

Exim is a free MTA developed for Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, Mac OSX, Solaris, and many more. Exim offers a great level of flexibility in routing mail on a network, with outstanding mechanisms and facilities for incoming mail monitoring.

Its notable features include among others:

1. No support for POP and IMAP protocols
2. Supports protocols such as RFC 2821 SMTP and RFC 2033 LMTP email message transport
3. Configurations include access control lists, content scanning, encryption, routing controls among others
4. Excellent documentation
5. It has utilities such as Lemonade which is an assortment of SMTP and IMAP extensions to enable mobile messaging plus many more.

4. Qmail

Qmail is also another free, open-source, and modern Linux MTA when compared to the other MTAs we have looked at. Moreover, it is simple, reliable, efficient, and offers extensive security features hence a secure MTA package.

It is relatively small but feature-rich and some of its features include:

1. Runs on multiple Unix-like operating systems such as FreeBSD, Solaris, Mac OSX plus many more
2. Simple and quick installation
3. Automatic per-host configuration
4. Clear separation between addresses, files, and programs
5. Full support for address groups
6. Lets each user manage their own mail lists
7. Supports an easy way to set up a mailing list
8. Supports VERPs
9. Supports automatic prevention of mailing list loops
10. Supports ezmlm mailing list manager
11. No random lists supported and many more

5. Mutt – Command Line Email Client

Mutt is a small yet powerful terminal-based email client for Unix-like operating systems. It has some exciting features as a text-based email client, and some of its notable features include:

1. Message threading
2. Support for IMAP and POP3 protocols
3. Supports several mailbox formats such as mbox, MH, Maildir, MMDF
4. Delivery status support
5. Multiple message tagging
6. Support for PGP/MIME (RFC2015)
7. Various features to support mailing listing, including list-reply
8. Full control of message headers during composition
9. Easy to install
10. The active development community and many more

6. Alpine

Alpine is a fast and easy-to-use terminal-based email client for Linux, it is based on the Pine messaging system. It works well for starters and power users alike, users can easily learn how to use it through context-sensitive help.

Importantly, it is highly customizable through the Alpine setup command.

7. OpenSMTP

OpenSMTPD is an open-source mail transfer agent that is used to deliver messages on a local system or to relay them to other SMTP servers. It also comes with a web service that permits the sending of emails via an HTTP web server. It runs on various Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and OSX.

In this roundup, we have looked a brief introduction to how mail is routed and transmitted on a network from mail clients to mail servers and more importantly, a slight understanding of how MTAs work and a list of the best and most used Linux MTA that you may probably want to install to build a mail server.

There are several other MTAs out there but they all have strengths and limitations as the ones we have reviewed here.

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Installing and Running MTASA Server on GNU Linux

Contents

Installation 64 bit

Main binary

Download the latest stable 64 bit Linux binaries:

Unpack into a directory:

Default config

Download the default config files:

Unpack and move into the deathmatch directory:
(Note: Only do this for new installations as it will overwrite any existing config files.)

Change to the MTA server install directory:

You can now test if the server will start correctly:

If your server comes up with issues such as:

you may have either a newer or older version of the Shared Object file. In such cases, it is warranted to create a symbolic link with that same name to the newer or older Shared Object file, with for example:

Of course, the location of these files could depend on your distribution of GNU/Linux; refer to your distribution’s documentation on the location of the files.

Default resources

If you need the default resources: Download the latest default resources zip from http://mirror.mtasa.com/mtasa/resources/ and unzip into mods/deathmatch/resources
Make sure you are in the MTA server install directory when following this example:

Installation 32 bit

Main binary

Download the latest stable 32 bit Linux binaries:

Unpack into a directory:

Default config

Download the default config files:

Unpack and move into the deathmatch directory:
(Note: Only do this for new installations as it will overwrite any existing config files.)

Change to the MTA server install directory:

You can now test if the server will start correctly:

Default resources

If you need the default resources: Download the latest default resources zip from http://mirror.mtasa.com/mtasa/resources/ and unzip into mods/deathmatch/resources
Make sure you are in the MTA server install directory when following this example:

Running with 32 or 64 bit Linux

Make sure your server libraries and stuff are up to date

On Debian/Ubuntu this is done with:

Troubleshooting

• If you get a problem with such as «libreadline.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.», it can be solved on 32 bit Debian/Ubuntu by doing this:

• If you get a problem with such as «libncursesw.so.5 cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory», it can be solved on 32 bit Debian/Ubuntu by doing this:

Note: If you experience this issue on a 64-bit machine while trying to run the 32-bit MTA server, then you should install the following package on a 64-bit Debian/Ubuntu machine (as root):

You can find more 32-bit library alternatives on this page: www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_contents.

MySQL Troubleshooting

• If you are using the inbuilt MySQL functions such as dbConnect and dbQuery, you will need to have libmysqlclient.so.16 installed.
• If you get a problem with such as «libmysqlclient.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory», it can be solved on Debian/Ubuntu by doing this:

• For 32 bit Linux, download 32 bit libmysqlclient.so.16 and put it in /usr/lib/
• For 64 bit Linux, download 64 bit libmysqlclient.so.16 and put it in /usr/lib/

[Optional] Installing and Configuring an External Web Server

Instructions on how to install and configure Nginx as an external web server for MTA is here: Installing and Configuring Nginx as an External Web Server

Server crashes

If your Linux server crashes, please obtain a backtrace and post a report on our Bug tracker

To obtain a backtrace:

Do you have a core dump file in the the MTA server directory?

It’s usually called ‘core’, and usually over 100MB, and looks something like this:

If you have a core dump file in the the MTA server directory:

• Install gdb. To install gdb on Debian, use this command:

• And from the MTA install directory do this command

• When gdb launches, do this command to get a module list:

• And then this command to get a backtrace:

• Save the output
• (To exit gdb, use the quit command)

If you do not have a core dump file in the the MTA server directory:

• Install gdb. To install gdb on Debian, use this command:

• And from the MTA server directory start the mta-server like this:

• Now wait for a crash. (Ignore any weird screen output in the meantime)
• When a crash occurs, do this command to get a module list:

• And then this command to get a backtrace:

• Save the output
• (To exit gdb, use the quit command)

Server freezes

If your Linux server freezes, please obtain a backtrace with thread information and post a report on our Bug tracker

To obtain a backtrace with thread information:

• Install gdb. To install gdb on Debian, use this command:

• And from the MTA server directory start the mta-server like this:

• Now wait for a freeze. (Ignore any weird screen output in the meantime)
• When a freeze occurs, press ctrl-c to start gdb
• Then do this command to get a module list:

• And then this command to get a backtrace:

• And then this command to get thread information:

• Save the output
• (To exit gdb, use the quit command)

Automatic installer

Prerequisites

Make sure you have bash, unzip, tar and wget available on your server. Also notice that for 64-bit servers the 64-bit binary will be installed, otherwise 32-bit binary will be.

Source code

Procedure

To proceed with installation, save somewhere with read-write-execute access (777) the mtasa-install shell. Finally, proceed to execute it (./mtasa-install for example).

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Client on Linux Manual

	This article needs checking.
	Reason(s): Information on this article is outdated, please check the updated Client on Linux using Lutris Manual

Warning: This page is for Linux players ONLY, for Windows go here.

Contents

Lutris

Lutris can be used instead for easier Prefix management, see Client on Linux using Lutris Manual

Before you start

First of all, please ensure your computer fits the requirements needed. Read the Client Manual page for further informations, or join us on Discord.

Requirements

The hardware requirements for Multi Theft Auto: San Andreas are the same as on Windows. For software requirements, you need:

• Wine (get it on your package manager (synaptic, apt, pacman, yum, etc.); follow instructions here if you’re using Ubuntu

(as of MTA 1.4.1 Ubuntu’s default Wine package seems to be incompatible with Visual C++, which is required to install MTA)

• Windows fonts installed:
  • tahoma.ttf
  • tahomabd.ttf
  • verdana.ttf

Get them on the Internet, e.g. fontonic.com

Or get the zip archive with the 3 fonts here.

Install them in:

/ points to your user home folder on Linux, .wine is the default wineprefix)

Installing the game

Download the MTA installer from mtasa.com, ensure you can launch it (chmod +x) then install it when you want.

Running the game

Once installed, double-clicking on the Multi Theft Auto.exe should work. If not, try in a terminal the following command: «wine Multi Theft Auto.exe» in the directory you installed Multi Theft Auto to. If it doesn’t work, check the contents of the file c:/Program_Files/Multi Theft Auto/MTA/CEGUI.log, which may contain useful information.

Known issues

Specific issues

• Impossible connection through the server browser [Fixed in the 5084 bug ]

• MTA won’t start on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS [Temporary fix is available here ]

Other issues

• MTA isn’t starting (even with fonts installed)

1. Try to start MTA:SA in a virtual desktop Go to WineConfig, choose the tab «Graphics» and select «Emulate a virtual desktop».
2. Try to delete your gta_sa.set file which is located in the «GTA San Andreas User Files» folder, which can be found in your home directory.
   (Remember to create a copy, if you’re playing San Andreas in singleplayer)
3. Try to delete your MTA config file which is: «MTA San Andreas 1.3/MTA/coreconfig.xml»
   (Also remember to create a copy, if you don’t want to lose your edited MTA configuration)

• Crash when connecting Sometimes the audio-server makes problems (could be related to PulseAudio), in this case, you’ve to go to WineConfig and choose the tab Audio, then deselect «ALSA» and select «EsoundD». Save the settings and restart MTA.
• Crash in basswma.dll module while streaming audio Install Windows Media Player 10

• Special Detections (SD) If you are using a 64 wine version you may have problems with Special Detections. If the server you are trying to connect keeps showing something like this, then you should make a 32 bit wine prefix (or bottle).

Change Windows version on the bottom to Windows 7 and press OK. Now you have a 32-bit wine prefix on

/.winegta. Install GTA:SA and them MTA. After this, MTA and GTA have been installed within

/.winegta prefix which is a 32-bit wine environment.

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