Удаленный рабочий стол: разрешение доступа к компьютеру Remote Desktop — Allow access to your PC

Применяется к: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2 Applies to: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2

Можно использовать Удаленный рабочий стол, чтобы подключиться к компьютеру с удаленного устройства и управлять им с помощью клиента удаленного рабочего стола (Майкрософт) (доступен для Windows, iOS, macOS и Android). You can use Remote Desktop to connect to and control your PC from a remote device by using a Microsoft Remote Desktop client (available for Windows, iOS, macOS and Android). Если разрешить удаленные подключения к своему компьютеру, то вы сможете подключиться к нему с помощью другого устройства и получить доступ ко всем своим приложениям, файлам и сетевым ресурсам, как если бы вы сидели за своим столом. When you allow remote connections to your PC, you can use another device to connect to your PC and have access to all of your apps, files, and network resources as if you were sitting at your desk.

Удаленный рабочий стол можно использовать для подключения к Windows 10 Pro и Windows 10 Корпоративная, Windows 8.1, Windows 8 Корпоративная и Windows 8 Pro, Windows 7 Pro, Windows 7 Корпоративная и Windows 7 Максимальная, а также для подключения к версиям выше Windows Server 2008. You can use Remote Desktop to connect to Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise, Windows 8.1 and 8 Enterprise and Pro, Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate, and Windows Server versions newer than Windows Server 2008. Подключиться к компьютерам под управлением выпуска «Домашняя» (например, Windows 10 Домашняя) нельзя. You can’t connect to computers running a Home edition (like Windows 10 Home).

Для подключения к удаленному компьютеру он должен быть включен и подключен к сети, на нем должен быть включен удаленный рабочий стол, а у вас должен быть сетевой доступ к этому удаленному компьютеру (для этого может и использоваться Интернет) и разрешение на подключение. To connect to a remote PC, that computer must be turned on, it must have a network connection, Remote Desktop must be enabled, you must have network access to the remote computer (this could be through the Internet), and you must have permission to connect. Чтобы иметь разрешение на подключение, необходимо находиться в списке пользователей. For permission to connect, you must be on the list of users. Прежде чем начать подключение, рекомендуется найти имя компьютера, к которому вы подключаетесь, и убедиться, что в его брандмауэре разрешены подключения к удаленному рабочему столу. Before you start a connection, it’s a good idea to look up the name of the computer you’re connecting to and to make sure Remote Desktop connections are allowed through its firewall.

Как включить удаленный рабочий стол How to enable Remote Desktop

Самый простой способ разрешить доступ к компьютеру с удаленного устройства — использовать параметры удаленного рабочего стола в разделе «Параметры». The simplest way to allow access to your PC from a remote device is using the Remote Desktop options under Settings. Так как эта функциональная возможность была добавлена в Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (1709), также доступно отдельное скачиваемое приложение для более ранних версий Windows, которое обеспечивает аналогичные функции. Since this functionality was added in the Windows 10 Fall Creators update (1709), a separate downloadable app is also available that provides similar functionality for earlier versions of Windows. Можно также использовать старый способ включения удаленного рабочего стола, однако этот метод обеспечивает меньше функциональных возможностей и возможностей проверки. You can also use the legacy way of enabling Remote Desktop, however this method provides less functionality and validation.

Windows 10 Fall Creator Update (1709) или более поздняя версия Windows 10 Fall Creator Update (1709) or later

Можно настроить компьютер для удаленного доступа с помощью нескольких простых действий. You can configure your PC for remote access with a few easy steps.

1. На устройстве, с которого вы собираетесь подключиться, откройте меню Пуск и щелкните значок Параметры. On the device you want to connect to, select Start and then click the Settings icon on the left.
2. Выберите группу Система возле элемента Удаленный рабочий стол. Select the System group followed by the Remote Desktop item.
3. Включите удаленный рабочий стол с помощью ползунка. Use the slider to enable Remote Desktop.
4. Также рекомендуется оставить компьютер в режиме бодрствования и доступным для обнаружения, чтобы упростить подключение. It is also recommended to keep the PC awake and discoverable to facilitate connections. Щелкните Показать параметры для включения. Click Show settings to enable.
5. При необходимости добавьте пользователей, которые могут удаленно подключиться, щелкнув Select users that can remotely access this PC (Выбрать пользователей, которые могут удаленно подключаться к этому компьютеру). As needed, add users who can connect remotely by clicking Select users that can remotely access this PC.
   1. Члены группы «Администраторы» получают доступ автоматически. Members of the Administrators group automatically have access.
6. Запишите имя этого компьютера, указанное в разделе How to connect to this PC (Как подключаться к этому компьютеру). Make note of the name of this PC under How to connect to this PC. Оно потребуется для настройки клиентов. You’ll need this to configure the clients.

Windows 7 и ранняя версия Windows 10 Windows 7 and early version of Windows 10

Чтобы настроить компьютер для удаленного доступа, скачайте и запустите Microsoft Remote Desktop Assistant. To configure your PC for remote access, download and run the Microsoft Remote Desktop Assistant. Этот помощник обновляет параметры системы, чтобы включить удаленный доступ, обеспечивает бодрствование компьютера для подключения и проверяет, разрешает ли брандмауэр подключения к удаленному рабочему столу. This assistant updates your system settings to enable remote access, ensures your computer is awake for connections, and checks that your firewall allows Remote Desktop connections.

Все версии Windows (устаревший метод) All versions of Windows (Legacy method)

Чтобы включить удаленный рабочий стол с помощью устаревших свойств системы, следуйте инструкциям по подключению к другому компьютеру с помощью удаленного рабочего стола. To enable Remote Desktop using the legacy system properties, follow the instructions to Connect to another computer using Remote Desktop Connection.

Следует ли включать удаленный рабочий стол? Should I enable Remote Desktop?

Если вы будете использовать свой компьютер, только когда непосредственно сидите за ним, вам не нужно включать удаленный рабочий стол. If you only want to access your PC when you are physically using it, you don’t need to enable Remote Desktop. Включение удаленного рабочего стола открывает порт на компьютере, видимый в локальной сети. Enabling Remote Desktop opens a port on your PC that is visible to your local network. Удаленный рабочий стол следует включать только в доверенных сетях, например, в домашней сети. You should only enable Remote Desktop in trusted networks, such as your home. Кроме того, не стоит включать удаленный рабочий стол на любом компьютере, доступ к которому строго контролируется. You also don’t want to enable Remote Desktop on any PC where access is tightly controlled.

Имейте в виду, что включив доступ к удаленному рабочему столу, вы предоставляете остальным пользователям в группе «Администраторы» и другим выбранным вами пользователям возможность удаленного доступа к их учетным записям на компьютере. Be aware that when you enable access to Remote Desktop, you are granting anyone in the Administrators group, as well as any additional users you select, the ability to remotely access their accounts on the computer.

Следует убедиться, что для каждой учетной записи, которая имеет доступ к вашему компьютеру, настроен надежный пароль. You should ensure that every account that has access to your PC is configured with a strong password.

Почему следует разрешать подключения только с проверкой подлинности на уровне сети? Why allow connections only with Network Level Authentication?

Если вы хотите ограничить доступ к компьютеру, разрешите доступ только с проверкой подлинности на уровне сети (NLA). If you want to restrict who can access your PC, choose to allow access only with Network Level Authentication (NLA). При включении этого параметра пользователи должны пройти аутентификацию в сети, чтобы подключиться к компьютеру. When you enable this option, users have to authenticate themselves to the network before they can connect to your PC. Разрешение подключений только с компьютеров с удаленным рабочим столом с NLA является более безопасным методом проверки подлинности, который поможет защитить компьютер от злоумышленников и вредоносных программ. Allowing connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with NLA is a more secure authentication method that can help protect your computer from malicious users and software. Чтобы узнать больше о NLA и удаленном рабочем столе, ознакомьтесь с разделом Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections (Настройка NLA для подключения к удаленному рабочему столу). To learn more about NLA and Remote Desktop, check out Configure NLA for RDS Connections.

Если вы подключаетесь удаленно к компьютеру в своей домашней сети, не находясь в этой сети, не выбирайте этот параметр. If you’re remotely connecting to a PC on your home network from outside of that network, don’t select this option.

Remote Desktop — Allow access to your PC

Applies to: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2

You can use Remote Desktop to connect to and control your PC from a remote device by using a Microsoft Remote Desktop client (available for Windows, iOS, macOS and Android). When you allow remote connections to your PC, you can use another device to connect to your PC and have access to all of your apps, files, and network resources as if you were sitting at your desk.

You can use Remote Desktop to connect to Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise, Windows 8.1 and 8 Enterprise and Pro, Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate, and Windows Server versions newer than Windows Server 2008. You can’t connect to computers running a Home edition (like Windows 10 Home).

To connect to a remote PC, that computer must be turned on, it must have a network connection, Remote Desktop must be enabled, you must have network access to the remote computer (this could be through the Internet), and you must have permission to connect. For permission to connect, you must be on the list of users. Before you start a connection, it’s a good idea to look up the name of the computer you’re connecting to and to make sure Remote Desktop connections are allowed through its firewall.

How to enable Remote Desktop

The simplest way to allow access to your PC from a remote device is using the Remote Desktop options under Settings. Since this functionality was added in the Windows 10 Fall Creators update (1709), a separate downloadable app is also available that provides similar functionality for earlier versions of Windows. You can also use the legacy way of enabling Remote Desktop, however this method provides less functionality and validation.

Windows 10 Fall Creator Update (1709) or later

You can configure your PC for remote access with a few easy steps.

1. On the device you want to connect to, select Start and then click the Settings icon on the left.
2. Select the System group followed by the Remote Desktop item.
3. Use the slider to enable Remote Desktop.
4. It is also recommended to keep the PC awake and discoverable to facilitate connections. Click Show settings to enable.
5. As needed, add users who can connect remotely by clicking Select users that can remotely access this PC.
   1. Members of the Administrators group automatically have access.
6. Make note of the name of this PC under How to connect to this PC. You’ll need this to configure the clients.

Windows 7 and early version of Windows 10

To configure your PC for remote access, download and run the Microsoft Remote Desktop Assistant. This assistant updates your system settings to enable remote access, ensures your computer is awake for connections, and checks that your firewall allows Remote Desktop connections.

All versions of Windows (Legacy method)

To enable Remote Desktop using the legacy system properties, follow the instructions to Connect to another computer using Remote Desktop Connection.

Should I enable Remote Desktop?

If you only want to access your PC when you are physically using it, you don’t need to enable Remote Desktop. Enabling Remote Desktop opens a port on your PC that is visible to your local network. You should only enable Remote Desktop in trusted networks, such as your home. You also don’t want to enable Remote Desktop on any PC where access is tightly controlled.

Be aware that when you enable access to Remote Desktop, you are granting anyone in the Administrators group, as well as any additional users you select, the ability to remotely access their accounts on the computer.

You should ensure that every account that has access to your PC is configured with a strong password.

Why allow connections only with Network Level Authentication?

If you want to restrict who can access your PC, choose to allow access only with Network Level Authentication (NLA). When you enable this option, users have to authenticate themselves to the network before they can connect to your PC. Allowing connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with NLA is a more secure authentication method that can help protect your computer from malicious users and software. To learn more about NLA and Remote Desktop, check out Configure NLA for RDS Connections.

If you’re remotely connecting to a PC on your home network from outside of that network, don’t select this option.

Understanding the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

This article describes the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) that’s used for communication between the Terminal Server and the Terminal Server Client. RDP is encapsulated and encrypted within TCP.

Original product version: В Windows Server 2012 R2
Original KB number: В 186607

Summary

RDP is based on, and is an extension of, the T-120 family of protocol standards. A multichannel capable protocol allows for separate virtual channels for carrying the following information:

• presentation data
• serial device communication
• licensing information
• highly encrypted data, such as keyboard, mouse activity

RDP is an extension of the core T.Share protocol. Several other capabilities are retained as part of the RDP, such as the architectural features necessary to support multipoint (multiparty sessions). Multipoint data delivery allows data from an application to be delivered in real time to multiple parties, such as Virtual Whiteboards. It doesn’t require to send the same data to each session individually.

In this first release of Windows Terminal Server, we’re concentrating on providing reliable and fast point-to-point (single-session) communications. Only one data channel is used in the initial release of Terminal Server 4.0. However, the flexibility of RDP gives plenty of room for functionality in future products.

One reason that Microsoft decided to implement RDP for connectivity purposes within Windows NT Terminal Server is that it provides an extensible base to build many more capabilities. RDP provides 64,000 separate channels for data transmission. However, current transmission activities are only using a single channel (for keyboard, mouse, and presentation data).

RDP is designed to support many different types of Network topologies, such as ISDN, POTS. RDP is also designed to support many LAN protocols, such as IPX, NetBIOS, TCP/IP. The current version of RDP will only run over TCP/IP. With customer feedback, other protocol support may be added in future versions.

The activity involved in sending and receiving data through the RDP stack is essentially the same as the seven-layer OSI model standards for common LAN networking today. Data from an application or service to be transmitted is passed down through the protocol stacks. It’s sectioned, directed to a channel (through MCS), encrypted, wrapped, framed, packaged onto the network protocol, and finally addressed and sent over the wire to the client. The returned data works the same way only in reverse. The packet is stripped of its address, then unwrapped, decrypted, and so on. Finally the data is presented to the application for use. Key portions of the protocol stack modifications occur between the fourth and seventh layers, where the data is:

• encrypted
• wrapped
• framed
• directed to a channel
• prioritized

One of the key points for application developers is that, in using RDP, Microsoft has abstracted away the complexities of dealing with the protocol stack. It allows them to write clean, well-designed, well-behaved 32-bit applications. Then the RDP stack implemented by the Terminal Server and its client connections takes care of the rest.

For more information about how applications interact on the Terminal Server, and what to know when developing applications for a Windows Terminal Server infrastructure, see the following white paper:
Optimizing Applications for Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition

Four components worth discussing within the RDP stack instance are:

• the Multipoint Communication Service (MCSMUX)
• the Generic Conference Control (GCC)
• Wdtshare.sys
• Tdtcp.sys

MCSmux and GCC are part of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) T.120 family. The MCS is made up of two standards:

• T.122: It defines the multipoint services
• T.125: It specifies the data transmission protocol

• channel assignment by multiplexing data onto predefined virtual channels within the protocol
• priority levels
• segmentation of data being sent

It essentially abstracts the multiple RDP stacks into a single entity, from the perspective of the GCC. GCC is responsible for management of those multiple channels. The GCC allows the creation and deletion of session connections and controls resources provided by MCS. Each Terminal Server protocol (currently, only RDP and Citrix’s ICA are supported) will have a protocol stack instance loaded (a listener stack awaiting a connection request). The Terminal Server device driver coordinates and manages the RDP protocol activity. It’s made up of smaller components:

• an RDP driver (Wdtshare.sys) for UI transfer, compression, encryption, framing, and so on.
• a transport driver (Tdtcp.sys) to package the protocol onto the underlying network protocol, TCP/IP.

RDP was developed to be entirely independent of its underlying transport stack, in this case TCP/IP. It means that we can add other transport drivers for other network protocols as customers needs for them grow, with little or no significant changes to the foundational parts of the protocol. They’re key elements to the performance and extendibility of RDP on the network.