What is the difference between linux and windows

Difference between Linux and Windows

Linux:
Linux could be a free and open supply OS supported operating system standards. It provides programming interface still as programme compatible with operating system primarily based systems and provides giant selection applications. A UNIX operating system system additionally contains several severally developed parts, leading to UNIX operating system that is totally compatible and free from proprietary code.

Windows:
Windows may be a commissioned OS within which ASCII text file is inaccessible. it’s designed for the people with the angle of getting no programming information and for business and alternative industrial users. it’s terribly straightforward and simple to use.

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The distinction between Linux and Windows package is that Linux is completely freed from price whereas windows is marketable package and is expensive. Associate operating system could be a program meant to regulate the pc or computer hardware Associate behave as an treater between user and hardware.

Linux is a open supply package wherever users will access the ASCII text file and might improve the code victimisation the system. On the opposite hand, in windows, users can’t access ASCII text file, and it’s a authorized OS.

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Difference Between Linux and Windows Operating System

The prior difference between Linux and Windows operating system is that Linux is totally free of cost whereas windows is marketable operating system and is costly. An operating system is a program intended to control the computer hardware and behave as an intermediary between user and hardware.

Linux is an open source operating system where users can access the source code and can improve the code using the system. On the other hand, in windows, users can not access source code, and it is a licensed OS.

Content: Linux Vs Windows Operating System

Comparison Chart

Basis for comparison	Linux	Windows
Cost	Free of cost	Expensive
Open source	Yes	No
Customizable	Yes	No
Security	More secure	Vulnerable to viruses and malware attacks.
Booting	Either primary or logical partition.	Only primary partition.
Separation of the directories using	Forward slash	Back slash
File names	Case sensitive	Case insensitive
File system	EXT2, EXT3, EXT4, Reisers FS, XFS and JFS	FAT, FAT32, NTFS and ReFS
Type of kernel used	Monolithic kernel	Microkernel
Efficiency	Effective running efficiency	Lower than Linux

Definition of Linux

Linux is a free and open source operating system based on Unix standards. It provides programming interface as well as user interface compatible with Unix based systems and provides large variety applications. A Linux system also contains many separately developed elements, resulting in Unix system which is fully compatible and free from proprietary code.

The traditional monolithic kernel is employed in Linux kernel for performance purpose, but its modular feature allows most drivers to dynamically loaded and unloaded at runtime. Linux protects processes and is a multiuser system. Interprocess communication is supported by both of mechanisms such as message queue, shared memory and semaphore.

An abstract layer is used in Linux to govern the different file systems, but to users, the file system looks like a hierarchical directory tree. It also supports networked, device-oriented and virtual file systems. Disk storage is accessed through a page cache which is unified with the virtual memory systems. To minimize the duplication of shared data among different processes the memory management system uses page sharing and copy-on-write.

Ubuntu 17.10 is the latest release of linux family operating system. The default user interface of the given version is GNOME, Ubuntu Unity (in older versions).

Definition of Windows

Windows is a licensed operating system in which source code is inaccessible. It is designed for the individuals with the perspective of having no computer programming knowledge and for business and other commercial users. It is very simple and straightforward to use.

Windows is extensible, portable and assists multiple operating environments, symmetric multiprocessing and client-server computing. It offers integrated caching, virtual memory, and preemptive scheduling.

Windows 10 (1709) is the latest release of Microsoft Windows operating system. Its default user interface is Windows shell (Graphical). It uses hybrid kernel in older versions micro kernel is mostly used.

Key Differences Between Linux and Windows Operating System

1. Linux is free and open source operating system whereas Windows is a commercial operating system whose source code is inaccessible.
2. Windows is not customizable as against Linux is customizable and a user can modify the code and can change its the look and feel.
3. Linux provides high security than windows because Linux is open source.
4. Windows must boot from the primary partition. In contrast, there is no such constraint in Linux it can be booted from either primary or logical partition.
5. The separation of the directories is done using a backslash in windows. On the contrary, in Linux, these are separated by using forward slash.
6. In Linux, file names are case sensitive while windows file name are case-insensitive.
7. Linux uses the monolithic kernel which consumes more running space whereas Windows uses the micro kernel which takes less space but system running efficiency is lower than Linux.

Conclusion

Linux and Windows both Operating systems have their advantages and disadvantages. Windows is simple to use but is not a free and open source OS, whereas Linux is free, open source, customizable and secure but kind of complex for the users having no programming background. Linux is more reliable than windows.

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Linux vs Windows: What is the Difference Between Linux and Windows?

Updated October 7, 2021

It’s time to make the big switch from your Windows or Mac OS operating system.

Mac OS uses a UNIX core. Your switch from Mac OS to Linux will be relatively smooth.

It’s the Windows users who will need some adjusting. In this tutorial will introduce the Linux OS and compare it with Windows.

In this Linux vs Windows tutorial, we will introduce the Linux OS and see the difference between Linux and Windows.

Click here if the video is not accessible

Windows Vs. Linux File System

When we compare file system in Windows and Linux, in Microsoft Windows, files are stored in folders on different data drives like C: D: E:

But, in Linux, files are ordered in a tree structure starting with the root directory.

This root directory can be considered as the start of the file system, and it further branches out various other subdirectories. The root is denoted with a forward slash ‘/’.

A general tree file system on your UNIX may look like this.

KEY DIFFERENCE

• Linux is an open source operating system so user can change source code as per requirement whereas Windows OS is a commercial operating system so user doesn’t have access to source code.
• Linux is very well secure as it is easy to detect bugs and fix whereas Windows has a huge user base, so it becomes a target of hackers to attack windows system.
• Comparing Windows file system vs Linux file system, Linux runs faster even with older hardware whereas Windows are slower compared to Linux.
• Linux peripherals like hard drives, CD-ROMs, printers are considered files whereas Windows, hard drives, CD-ROMs, printers are considered as devices
• Linux files are ordered in a tree structure starting with the root directory whereas in Windows, files are stored in folders on different data drives like C: D: E:
• In Linux you can have 2 files with the same name in the same directory while in Windows, you cannot have 2 files with the same name in the same folder.
• In Linux you would find the system and program files in different directories whereas in Windows, system and program files are usually saved in C: drive.

Types of Files

In Linux and UNIX, everything is a file. Directories are files, files are files, and devices like Printer, mouse, keyboard etc.are files.

Let’s look into the File types in more detail.

General Files

General Files also called as Ordinary files. They can contain image, video, program or simply text. They can be in ASCII or a Binary format. These are the most commonly used files by Linux Users.

Directory Files

These files are a warehouse for other file types. You can have a directory file within a directory (sub-directory).You can take them as ‘Folders’ found in Windows operating system.

Device Files:

In MS Windows, devices like Printers, CD-ROM, and hard drives are represented as drive letters like G: H:. In Linux, there are represented as files.For example, if the first SATA hard drive had three primary partitions, they would be named and numbered as /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3.

Note: All device files reside in the directory /dev/

All the above file types (including devices) have permissions, which allow a user to read, edit or execute (run) them. This is a powerful Linux/Unix feature. Access restrictions can be applied for different kinds of users, by changing permissions.

Windows Vs. Linux: Users

There are 3 types of users in Linux.

Regular User

A regular user account is created for you when you install Ubuntu on your system. All your files and folders are stored in /home/ which is your home directory. As a regular user, you do not have access to directories of other users.

Root User

Other than your regular account another user account called root is created at the time of installation. The root account is a superuser who can access restricted files, install software and has administrative privileges. Whenever you want to install software, make changes to system files or perform any administrative task on Linux; you need to log in as a root user. Otherwise, for general tasks like playing music and browsing the internet, you can use your regular account.

Service user

Linux is widely used as a Server Operating System. Services such as Apache, Squid, email, etc. have their own individual service accounts. Having service accounts increases the security of your computer. Linux can allow or deny access to various resources depending on the service.

1. You will not see service accounts in Ubuntu Desktop version.
2. Regular accounts are called standard accounts in Ubuntu Desktop

In Windows, there are 4 types of user account types.

Windows Vs. Linux: File Name Convention

In Windows, you cannot have 2 files with the same name in the same folder. See below –

While in Linux, you can have 2 files with the same name in the same directory, provided they use different cases.

Windows Vs. Linux: HOME Directory

For every user in Linux, a directory is created as /home/

Consider, a regular user account “Tom”. He can store his personal files and directories in the directory “/home/tom”. He can’t save files outside his user directory and does not have access to directories of other users. For instance, he cannot access directory “/home/jerry” of another user account”Jerry”.

The concept is similar to C:\Documents and Settings in Windows.

When you boot the Linux operating system, your user directory (from the above example /home/tom) is the default working directory. Hence the directory “/home/tom is also called the Home directory which is a misnomer.

The working directory can be changed using some commands which we will learn later.

Windows Vs. Linux: Other Directories

Comparing Windows vs Linux for other directories, in Windows, System and Program files are usually saved in C: drive. But, in Linux, you would find the system and program files in different directories. For example, the boot files are stored in the /boot directory, and program and software files can be found under /bin, device files in /dev. Below are important Linux Directories and a short description of what they contain.

These are most striking differences between Linux and other Operating Systems. There are more variations you will observe when switching to Linux and we will discuss them as we move along in our tutorials.

Windows Vs. Linux:

Here is the main difference between Windows and Linux:

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What are the Differences between Linux and Windows Operating Systems?

The Fundamental Differences Between Linux and Windows

The differences between Linux and Windows operating systems are many and some can be complex. Windows and Linux users are both dedicated to the operating systems that they use, but for new users, the decision between using Linux or Windows is one that has to be made.

Both Windows and Linux are computer operating systems and both are designed to work on the same type of hardware (PCs or IBM compatibles). However, this is where the similarity between the two ends.

One of the basic differences between Linux and Windows operating systems is that Linux is open source, meaning it is free under GNU. As a user, you get the Linux operating system for free (which is always a good thing) or at an inexpensive price, because it is carried by more than one distributor (Mandrake, Redhat, ect.). The Windows operating system is developed and licensed by Microsoft, making the cost manufacturers must pay to install it on their systems much more substantial, which in turn gets passed on to the user.

Security wise, the Linux operating system is more secure than the Windows operating system. Chances of contracting a computer virus, computer worm or other predatory software is significantly lower with Linux than Windows because of the security flaws that Windows has. Because of this, Linux crashes and freezes less often than Windows. Linux can run without being rebooted for up to several years because of the better security. Another security plus for Linux is that it is more secure when compared to Windows by giving access rights whereas Windows has only password security. Also, because of the sheer volume of Windows users, Linux is less likely to experience security issues.

When considering the pros and cons between Linux and Windows, a user must also look at the availability for multiple computers if they have use of and access to more than one computer. For home use, the Linux operating system is inexpensive or free. It can be used on as many computers as a user would like for no additional charge. Because the Windows Operating System is a licensed program, it can be used only on the computer for which it was purchased.

To continue looking at the differences between the Windows and Linux operating systems, please refer to the second article of this series that will cover the programming and printing differences in the systems.

This post is part of the series: The Fundamental Differences Between Linux and Windows

This two part series will show you the fundamental difference between the Linux and Windows Operating Systems, including which is the best choice for printing, programming abilities, cost and security issues that each may experience.

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