Adam the Automator

How To Set Up Windows Event Log Forwarding In Windows Server 2016

Jeff Christman

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Event log management is a critical skill to learn in all Windows environments. Activity is being recorded to Windows event logs every second and it acts as not only a security tool but also as a vital troubleshooting aid.

Once a server environment goes past a few servers though, managing individual server event logs becomes unwieldy at best. Luckily, you have a feature called Windows Event Forwarding (WEF) to make it easier.

Table of Contents

Windows Event Log Forwarding Overview

WEF is a service that allows you to forward events from multiple Windows servers and collect them in one spot. The service has two main components; a forwarder and a collector. A collector is a service running on Windows server that collects all events sent to it from an event log forwarder.

The “link” between the forwarding server and a collector is known as a subscription.

Collectors serve as subscription managers that accept events and allow you to specify which event log alerts to collect from endpoints.

WEF Project Overview

This is a Project article where we cover how to build a project or implement a solution. Each section hereafter will be cumulative steps that build upon the previous.

For this project, you’re going to learn how to set up a basic WEF implementation. You’ll learn how to set up both a collector and how to forward events to a collector with a subscription.

You’ll learn how to:

1. Set up and configure an event log collector on a Windows Server instance. This will be the Windows Server that all of the event log forwarders will send events to.
2. Create a GPO which, when applied, will point applicable Windows Server instances to the collector to send events to.
3. Configuring the types of events to send to the collector.

You will learn how to work through each step in the remainder of this article.

Environment and Knowledge Requirements

Before you get too far, let’s first ensure my environment is the same as yours. Please be sure you have the following items in place before starting:

• (2) Windows Server instances – You can use any Window Server instance of 2012 R2 or higher. In this article, I’ll be using Windows Server 2016.
• Active Directory
• GPO – A familiarity with Group Policy Objects will be required.
• WinRM- WinRM needs to be running on all clients. Not configured just running.

Configuring the Event Log Collector

The first task to perform is configuring one of your Windows Server instances as the collector. Recall that the collector is the one that receives incoming event logs from the forwarder.

Enabling WinRM on the Collector

Windows Server instances that forward events to the collector do so over PowerShell Remoting or WinRM. You’ll first have to ensure WinRM is available on your collector. If the collector is running Windows Server 2012 R2 and above, WinRM is enabled by default, but the Windows Firewall may be interfering.

Run the the Enable-PSRemoting PowerShell cmdlet with no parameters on the collector. Even if PowerShell Remoting is already enabled, it will skip the necessary steps.

To be sure, you can also run Invoke-Command -ComputerName -ScriptBlock <1>from a remote computer. If you don’t receive an error, PowerShell Remoting is working.

Starting the Subscription Collector Service

Now that PowerShell Remoting is enabled and listening, start the subscription collector service. The subscription collector service needs to also start up automatically when Windows Server boots up.

On the collector, open Event Viewer click on Subscriptions. The first time you open the Subscriptions option, Windows will ask if you want to start the Windows Event Log Collector Service and configured to start automatically. Click Yes to accept.

You can see an example of the message below.

Congratulations! You now have a collector configured. It’s now time set up a GPO which will instruct Windows Server instances to forward events to the collector.

Setting up the Forwarders’ GPO

The next step is to configure one or more Windows servers to begin forwarding event logs to the collector. The easiest way to do so is by creating a GPO. This GPO can then be applied to one or more OUs which contain the servers to send events from.

You’ll learn the basics of setting up the necessary settings in a GPO in this Project article. But if you’d like to a complete rundown with all the available options, check out the Microsoft documentation.

Allowing the Network Service to Read Event Logs

WEF uses the Network Service account to read and send events from a forwarder to a collector. By default, the Network Service account does not have access to do this. You’ll first need to set this ACL to allow it.

Note: Many of the event logs in Windows Server already provide the Network Service account access to the common event logs like Application and System. But the account is not given access to the Security event log and other custom event logs.

To allow the Network Service account to read event logs on event log forwarders, use a GPO. In this article, you’ll learn how to allow the Network Service account access to the Security event log. Other event logs will follow the same process.

1. Begin by opening up a command prompt and running wevtutil gl security . This will provide various information about the Security event log. But the piece to pay attention to is the channelAccess SDDL.

You can see below an example of the SDDL you’ll need for the Security event log. The channelAccess line represents the permissions set on the event log. Copy the SDDL highlighted below and save it somewhere for later to add to a GPO.

2. Create a GPO via the Group Policy Management Console. Inside of the GPO, navigate to Computer Configuration → Policies → Administrative Templates → Windows Components → Event Forwarding → Configure target subscription manager.

3. Set the value for the target subscription manager to the WinRM endpoint on the collector. You will set the Server to be in the format:

Note the Refresh interval at the end of the collector endpoint. The Refresh interval indicates how often clients should check in to see if new subscriptions are available.

4. Next, find the SDDL you copied earlier from running wevtutil gl security and paste it into the setting Computer Configuration → Policies → Administrative Templates → Windows Components → Event Log Service → Security → Configure log access.

Note that this SDDL will take precedence over all other permissions that have been configured for the event log.

You can see an example of what your GPO will look like below for the Security event log.

5. Once the GPO is created, you’ll then either link this GPO to an existing OU containing the Windows servers to send event logs from or create a new OU and link the GPO. Any AD computer account you add to this OU will now set up a subscription to the collector.

Setting up a Subscription

While configuring WEF to collect all events for all Windows servers in an Active Directory domain may seem like a good idea, it’s not. You must be selective and only forward events that are important to you. Filtering out the noise from what matters is where WEF demonstrates its true value.

Let’s work through setting up a subscription for the Security Event log.

Since you’ve already created the GPO and linked it to an Active Directory OU containing the Windows servers you’d like to send events from, the event sources are already set up

1. On the collector, open the Windows Event Viewer and right-click on Subscriptions, then create subscription.

2. As shown below, select the Source computer initiated option and then click Select Computer Groups. This is where you will select which computers you’d like to forward events from.

Pro Tip: Selecting AD Groups. Ex: “Domain Controllers” will auto-populate any computers within the group. No need to select individual computers every time you add a new server.

3. Next select the events to forward. Opening up the query filter as you can see below, select Security to forward events to the collector from the Security event log.

4. Once the Security log is selected, you can filter down even more by entering the event ID, keywords, users and computers as shown below.

5. Click OK to exit from the Query Filter.

6. Click Advanced in the Subscription Properties window. Now select Minimize Latency. This setting will ensure the collector will receive events as soon as possible and also to help it catch up if it gets behind.

Verifying the WEF Configuration

Once WEF is set up, you should now check to see if the forwarders actually checked in by checking the Source Computers column on the main Subscriptions page.

You can also check the Event Forwarding Plugin Operational log under Applications and Services on the client to make sure everything is working. This is where you’ll see descriptive errors if something has gone awry with Kerberos or firewalls.

All that is left to to is find a low-value client, clear the Security log and see if you get an alert.

Your Takeaways

In this Project, you learned how to set up a basic WEF subscription. You:

• Set up an event collector
• Created a GPO to create a subscription on various Windows Server forwarders
• Configured a WEF subscription to only send specific events
• Ensured the WEF subscription sent events as fast as possible

WEF is a bit tricky to configure initially, but once up and running, you should have little problems and minimal maintenance headaches.

Using Windows Event Collector

This section lists the topics that explain the tasks that can be accomplished using the Windows Event Collector SDK. Code examples and explanations for all the tasks are included in each of the following topics.

In This Section

Provides information and a C++ code example for creating a collector-initiated subscription. A collector-initiated subscription enables you to receive events on a local computer (the event collector) that are forwarded from a remote computer (an event source).

Provides information and a C++ code example for creating a source-initiated subscription. A source-initiated subscription enables you to receive events on a local computer (the event collector) that are forwarded from a remote computer (an event source) without specifying the event sources in the subscription.

Provides information and a C++ code example for adding an event source (local computer or remote computer) to a collector-initiated subscription. A collector initiated subscription cannot start collecting events until an event source is added to the subscription.

Provides information about how to create an event subscription in order to receive hardware events from a computer that has a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) installed.

Provides information and a C++ code example for deleting an Event Collector subscription from a local computer.

Provides information and a C++ code example for displaying the property values of an Event Collector subscription. Property values can provide useful information, such as the addresses of event sources, the status of the subscription and event sources, and information about how events are delivered.

Provides information and a C++ code example for displaying the run time status of events sources that are associated to an Event Collector subscription. This enables you to view error messages that can help solve problems, which prevent an event source from forwarding events.

Provides information and a C++ code example for listing the subscriptions that exist on a local computer. You can use the subscription names that are obtained with this example to delete a subscription, add an event source to a subscription, retrieve the properties of a subscription, or view the status of a subscription.

Provides information and a C++ code example for removing an event source from a collector-initiated subscription. You can remove an event source from a collector-initiated subscription without disabling the subscription.

Provides information and a C++ code example for retrying an Event Collector subscription when one or more event sources have failed. You can retry a single event source or you can retry the entire subscription.

Windows Event Collector

You can subscribe to receive and store events on a local computer (event collector) that are forwarded from a remote computer (event source). The Windows Event Collector functions support subscribing to events by using the WS-Management protocol. For more information about WS-Management, see About Windows Remote Management.

Event Forwarding and Event Collection Architecture

Event collection allows administrators to get events from remote computers and store them in a local event log on the collector computer. The destination log path for the events is a property of the subscription. All data in the forwarded event is saved in the collector computer event log (none of the information is lost). Additional information related to the event forwarding is also added to the event. For more information about how to enable a computer to receive collected events or forward events, see Configure Computers to Forward and Collect Events.

Subscriptions

The following list describes the types of event subscriptions:

• Source-initiated subscriptions: allows you to define an event subscription on an event collector computer without defining the event source computers. Multiple remote event source computers can then be set up (using a group policy setting) to forward events to the event collector computer. For more information, see Setting up a Source Initiated Subscription. This subscription type is useful when you do not know or you do not want to specify all the event sources computers that will forward events.
• Collector-initiated subscriptions: allows you to create an event subscription if you know all the event source computers that will forward events. You specify all the event sources at the time the subscription is created. For more information, see Creating a Collector Initiated Subscription.

Windows Event Collector Functions

For more information and code examples that use the Event Collector functions, see Using Windows Event Collector.

For more information about the functions used to collect and forward events, see Windows Event Collector functions.