Where is linux headers

Как установить заголовочные файлы ядра в Linux

Когда вы компилируете драйвер устройства как модуль ядра, вам необходимы установленные заголовочные файлы ядра. Также они требуются, если вы собираете пользовательское приложение, которое взаимодействует напрямую с ядром. При установке заголовочных файлов ядра, необходимо убедиться, что их версия совпадает с версией ядра установленного в системе.

Если версия вашего ядра не менялась после установки дистрибутива, или вы обновляли его с использованием системного менеджера пакетов (то есть apt-get, aptitude или yum) из системных репозиториев, то заголовочные файлы вы также можете установить с помощью пакетного менеджера. Однако если вы скачивали исходный код ядра и компилировали его самостоятельно, то заголовочные файлы необходимо устанавливать с помощью команды make.

Здесь мы предполагаем, что ваше ядро установлено из основного системного репозитория вашего дистрибутива, и вы хотите установить соответствующие заголовочные файлы ядра.

Установка заголовочных файлов ядра в Debian, Ubuntu или Linux Mint

Если вы не компилировали ядро вручную, то можете установить соответствующие заголовочные файлы ядра с помощью команды apt-get.
Сначала проверьте, не установлены ли уже требуемые заголовочные файлы с помощью команды:

Теперь установите заголовочные файлы, как показано ниже.

Проверьте, что установка прошла успешно.

По умолчанию в Debian, Ubuntu или Linux Mint заголовочные файлы находятся в /usr/src.

Установка заголовочных файлов ядра в Fedora, CentOS или RHEL

Если вы не обновляли ядро вручную, то можете установить соответствующие заголовочные файлы ядра с помощью команды yum.
Сначала проверьте, не установлены ли уже требуемые заголовочные файлы. По умолчанию заголовочные файлы ядра расположены в /usr/src/kernels/.
Если подходящих заголовочных файлов не установлено, вы можете установить их с помощью команды yum. Она автоматически найдет подходящий пакет.

Если заголовочные файлы ядра, установленные с помощью вышеприведенной команды, не соответствуют установленному в системе ядре, значит оно устарело. В этом случае обновите ядро системы до последней версии с помощью приведенной ниже команды. После обновления необходимо перезагрузить систему.

Теперь проверьте, что установлены заголовочные файлы соответствующей версии с помощью команды:

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How to Install Kernel Headers in Ubuntu and Debian

In our last article, we have explained how to install kernel headers in CentOS 7. Kernel Headers contain the C header files for the Linux kernel, which offers the various function and structure definitions required when compiling any code that interfaces with the kernel, such as kernel modules or device drivers and some user programs.

It is very important to note that the kernel headers package you install should match with the currently installed kernel version on your system. If your kernel version ships with the default distribution installation or you have upgraded your Kernel using dpkg or apt package manager from the Ubuntu or Debian base repositories, then you must install matching kernel headers using package manager only. And if you’ve compiled kernel from sources, you must also install kernel headers from sources.

In this article, we will explain how to install Kernel Headers in Ubuntu and Debian Linux distributions using default package manager.

Install Kernel Headers in Ubuntu and Debian

First check your installed kernel version as well as kernel header package that matches your kernel version using following commands.

Check Kernel Version and Kernel Headers in Ubuntu

On Debian, Ubuntu and their derivatives, all kernel header files can be found under /usr/src directory. You can check if the matching kernel headers for your kernel version are already installed on your system using the following command.

Check Kernel Headers in Ubuntu

From the above output, it’s clear that the matching kernel header directory doesn’t exist, meaning the package is not yet installed.

Before you can install the appropriate kernel headers, update your packages index, in order to grab information about the latest package releases, using the following command.

Then run the following command that follows to install the Linux Kernel headers package for your kernel version.

Install Kernel Headers in Ubuntu

Next, check if the matching kernel headers have been installed on your system using the following command

Verify Installed Kernel Headers in Ubuntu

That’s all! In this article, we have explained how to install kernel headers in Ubuntu and Debian Linux and other distributions in the Debian family tree.

Always keep in mind that to compile a kernel module, you will need the Linux kernel headers. If you have any quires, or thoughts to share, use the comment form below to reach us.

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Where are Linux headers installed?

Where are Linux headers installed?

The system libc headers are usually installed in the default / usr / include location and the kernel headers in subdirectories below that (most notably / usr / include / linux and / usr / include / asm). The kernel headers are backward compatible, but not backward compatible.

linux-headers is a package that provides the Linux kernel headers. These are part of the kernel, although they are shipped separately (more reasoning is available: [1]). The headers act as an interface between the internals of the kernel and also between the user space and the kernel.

Those are header files found in the generic linux-headers- * and linux-headers – * – packages. It should be safe to remove them via apt-get.

After installing the kernel-devel package, you can find all the kernel header files in the / usr / src / kernels directory using the following command.

Where are the kernel files located?

The kernel file, on Ubuntu, is stored in your / boot folder and is called vmlinuz-version.

You need the Linux headers when you plan to develop and compile on the machine where you have installed Ubuntu. If you build a device dedicated to a specific task, you are certainly not willing to compile on it. If you need to compile your own application, it will be done on a different system.

How to install Linux kernel headers in Kali Linux 2.0

1. Modify repositories. If the following repositories do not exist, overwrite the old ones with the following. …
2. Update apt-cache and upgrade: Then do: $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get upgrade. …
3. Install the kernel headers. To install the kernel headers, run the command: $ sudo apt-get install linux-headers – $ (uname -r)

How do I get rid of the old Vmlinuz?

Type sudo dpkg -P linux-image-4.8. 0-46-generic (changing the kernel version number, of course). This tells the system to remove the package.

What does sudo apt-get Autoremove do?

The autoremove option removes packages that were installed automatically because some other package required them, but with those other packages removed, they are no longer needed. Sometimes an update will suggest that you run this command.

How do I remove old GRUB entries?

1. Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T).
2. Type uname -r. …
3. Run the following command: dpkg –list | grep linux-image. …
4. Make a note of the names of all the cores that you want to remove.
5. To remove the kernels, run: sudo apt-get purge linux-image-xxxx-xyz (replace the kernel name with an appropriate one).

You can open the Software Center or Synaptic and make sure the “linux-headers-generic” package is installed. That package is marked to depend on the headers of the latest available kernel version, so it will include another package or two for your particular kernel version.

What is the kernel-devel package?

Kernel-devel: This package provides enough kernel headers and makefiles to compile modules against the kernel package.

How do I update a kernel to a specific version?

2.3. Updating the kernel

1. To update the kernel, use the following: # yum update kernel. This command updates the kernel along with all dependencies to the latest version available.
2. Reboot your system for the changes to take effect.

Does Windows have a kernel?

The Windows NT branch has a hybrid kernel. It is not a monolithic kernel where all services run in kernel mode or a micro kernel where everything runs in user space.

Is the Linux kernel a process?

From a process management point of view, the Linux kernel is a preventive multitasking operating system. As a multitasking operating system, it allows multiple processes to share processors (CPUs) and other system resources.

What language is Linux written in?

Linux / programming languages

Conclusion

Conclusion paragraph: Let me know in the comments what you think about this blog post. about Where are Linux headers installed?. Did you find it helpful? What questions do you still have? I’d love to hear your thoughts!
#Linux #headers #installed

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Location of the kernel headers #397

Comments

ismail commented Feb 18, 2016

I am trying to run bcc on openSUSE Linux and there is a problem with the kernel header path it seems:

The file exists at /usr/src/linux/include/linux/kconfig.h , I am wondering if there is a special setup I should be doing before using bcc.

The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:

drzaeus77 commented Feb 18, 2016

On most systems, I find the kernel headers in /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build , and therefore the bcc sources (specifically kbuild_helper. ) are implemented to search at that location. Usually the build file is a symlink to the architecture specific location. In SUSE, is there a kernel-headers package that can be installed in addition to the kernel image?

ismail commented Feb 18, 2016

There is kernel-default-devel which provides /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build but the header structure is very different than what I expect:

ismail commented Feb 18, 2016

This is obviously a SUSE related problem, I am closing the bug. Will try to ask our kernel devs.

drzaeus77 commented Feb 18, 2016

🙂 I imagine there is a reasonable answer. My hope is that you aren’t required to install the full kernel sources. Let us know when you find out.

lcp commented Feb 18, 2016

ismail commented Feb 18, 2016

@lcp thats awesome! Maybe it can be upstreamed 🙂

lcp commented Feb 19, 2016

In SLE/openSUSE, the kernel headers are actually in two packages: kernel-default-devel and kernel-devel. kernel-default-devel actually requires kernel-default, so those two packages will be installed altogether. The headers in /lib/modules/$(version)/build are from kernel-default-devel and those in /lib/modules/$(version)/source are from kernel-devel, and build and source link to different directories:

build -> /usr/src/linux-4.4.0-3-obj/x86_64/default
source -> /usr/src/linux-4.4.0-3

The headers are separated on purpose. From the descriptions of the packages, kernel-default-devel contains the files «necessary for building kernel modules against the default flavor of the kernel» while kernel-devel contains the files «required for development of external kernel modules.»

My patch is to add the «source» paths so that clang can find the corresponding headers. I found that fedora links source to build, so the patch probably won’t affect them.

@drzaeus77 Do you think it’s fine to upstream my patch or just leave it in SUSE?

drzaeus77 commented Feb 19, 2016

The descriptions of those two packages look very similar to me 🙂 Unfortunately, the other two datapoints in my informal survey (arch linux and ubuntu) show that the presence of the source symlink is not common enough. Both of those rely solely on the build path. Since this is arch specific though, it probably makes sense as an overridable compile flag. We can expose it through cmake.

lcp commented Feb 22, 2016

They’re similar but still different. There are several flavors of kernels in SLE/openSUSE, e.g. default and vanilla for x86_64, and the kernel-«flavor»-devel packages contain the headers different from the flavors, so the «generated» headers are in kernel-«flavor»-devel, and the rest are in kernel-devel. Thus, in our case, we need both «build» and «source» in the include paths.

I thought «build» and «source» are created by «make modules_install» and other distro would keep them, but it seems not true 🙁

finelli commented Mar 7, 2016

Hello, trying to build bcc on a Debian / Jessie, and getting the same issue:

I tried linking the missing directory, but then it breaks with a different error

/virtual/include/bcc/helpers.h:20:10: fatal error: ‘uapi/linux/bpf.h’ file not found

Has anybody succeeded in compiling it under Jessie ? I got the same errors if I try to run debian/rules binary, is there something that I am missing ?

drzaeus77 commented Mar 7, 2016

No, I haven’t tried compiling under jessie.

Let’s assume for a moment that the symlink was properly done, and so the first error is worked around. The second error seems to suggest that the kernel sources don’t include the bpf headers. Which kernel version are you symlinking to?

finelli commented Mar 7, 2016

Hello, thank for your answer. That’what I did:

The files are present:

is the problem that the headers are under linux-headers-4.3.0-0.bpo.1-common and not under linux-headers-4.3.0-0.bpo.1-amd64 (just wildguessing) ?

drzaeus77 commented Mar 7, 2016

No, I don’t think -amd64 will change anything, the output of uname -r is all that matters.

Is there also a symlink from build to linux ? Can you share the output of ls -l /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/ ? When bcc runs, it will set up itself to compile the virtual main.c as if it were a kernel module, by setting the path to /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build and then doing things like -Iinclude and -I./include/uapi .

finelli commented Mar 7, 2016

this is the output of /lib/modules/4.3.0-0.bpo.1-amd64

drzaeus77 commented Mar 7, 2016

Ah, interesting. The symlinks are different, so yes it seems that the headers picked up will be different, unless /usr/src/linux-headers-4.3.0-0.bpo.1-amd64 and /usr/src/linux-headers-4.3.0-0.bpo.1-common are linked together. Where did the build symlink come from (as in which package, try dpkg -S /lib/modules/linux-headers-4.3.0-0.bpo.1-amd64/build ), are the headers missing from there, and can you possibly switch build to point to source ? I don’t know what the «right» thing to do on a jessie system would be.

4ast commented Mar 7, 2016

build != source for out-of-source build. Currently I workaround that by symlinking stuff manually. The better fix would be on bcc side to give both /lib/../source and /lib/../build directories to -I

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