Which applications installed in linux

How do I see what packages are installed on Ubuntu Linux?

I am a new Ubuntu Linux server user. My server hosted at Google cloud VM. How do I see what packages are installed on Ubuntu Linux?

Introduction: Ubuntu Linux is an open source operating system based upon the Linux kernel and GNU command line utilities. Ubuntu Linux is extremely popular among new Linux users as well as developers all around the globe. This page shows how to list all installed packages with apt command or apt-get command on Ubuntu Linux.

Tutorial details
Difficulty level	Easy
Root privileges	Yes
Requirements	Debian or Ubuntu Linux
Est. reading time	5 minutes

You need to use the apt or apt-get or dpkg command to list all installed packages on an Ubuntu Linux server from the bash shell prompt.

How do I see what packages are installed on Ubuntu Linux?

The procedure to list what packages are installed on Ubuntu:

1. Open the terminal application or log in to the remote server using ssh (e.g. ssh user @ sever-name )
2. Run command apt list —installed to list all installed packages on Ubuntu
3. To display a list of packages satisfying certain criteria such as show matching apache2 packages, run apt list apache

Let us see some examples about how to list installed packages on Ubuntu and Debian Linux operating systems.

apt list installed packages

Let us list all software packages on Ubuntu Linux available for us:
$ apt list

You might want to use the grep command/egrep command to filter out:
$ apt list | grep nginx
OR
$ apt list | more
However, you may see message on screen that read as follows:

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

To avoid this message use the dpkg command as follows:
$ dpkg —list | grep nginx
$ dpkg —list | more

List all installed packages only

The apt command displays both installed and packages available to install. What if you want to list currently installed software only? Fear not, pass the option to the apt command:
$ apt list —installed

• No ads and tracking
• In-depth guides for developers and sysadmins at Opensourceflare✨
• Join my Patreon to support independent content creators and start reading latest guides:
  • How to set up Redis sentinel cluster on Ubuntu or Debian Linux
  • How To Set Up SSH Keys With YubiKey as two-factor authentication (U2F/FIDO2)
  • How to set up Mariadb Galera cluster on Ubuntu or Debian Linux
  • A podman tutorial for beginners – part I (run Linux containers without Docker and in daemonless mode)
  • How to protect Linux against rogue USB devices using USBGuard

Join Patreon ➔

How to list or find out if a specific package installed or not

Run package policy as follows:
$ apt list -a pkgNameHere
Is sudo package installed?
$ apt list -a sudo
Is sudo package mariadb-server?
$ apt list -a mariadb-server

Ubuntu list installed packages

It is also possible to list installed packages matching given pattern. The syntax is:
dpkg -l pattern
dpkg —list pattern
apt list pattern
apt list —installed pattern
For example:
dpkg —list ‘x*’
Sample outputs:

• ii – Indicates that package named xauth installed.
• un – Indicates that package not installed or in Unknown status.

Listing installed packages sorted by installation date and time

There is no simple command, but we can use the combination of zgrep and other commands as follows. Let us count it:

Total installed packages on nixcraft-wks01 : 6433
List them:
zgrep » installed » /var/log/dpkg.log*

Please note that zgrep will search possibly compressed files for a regular expression as those log files are compressed by system. Hence, we need to use various z commands on Linux. See “How to find out when Debian or Ubuntu package installed or updated” for more info.

Conclusion

You learned how to list both installed and uninstalled packages on an Ubuntu Linux server or desktop using the CLI method. See the following man pages using the man command:
man apt
man apt-get
man dpkg

🐧 Get the latest tutorials on Linux, Open Source & DevOps via

Источник

How to List Installed Packages on Ubuntu and Debian-based Linux Distributions

Last updated August 23, 2021 By Abhishek Prakash 20 Comments

So you installed Ubuntu and started using it extensively. Somewhere down the line, you are bound to lose the track of the software that you had installed over the time .

That’s perfectly normal. No one expects you to remember all the packages installed on your system. But the question arises, how to know what packages have been installed? How to see the installed packages?

To list all the installed packages using apt:

apt list –installed

Read the rest of the tutorial to know more about other ways and some more tips to fine tune your search for installed packages.

List installed packages in Ubuntu and Debian

If you use apt command extensively, you would probably expect a command like apt list installed packages. You are not entirely wrong here.

While apt-get command doesn’t have a straightforward option like apt-get list installed packages, apt has a command for this.

This will list all the packages that have been installed using apt. It will also list the packages that were installed as a dependency. Which means that not only you’ll have the applications you installed, you’ll also have a huge list of libraries and other packages that you didn’t install directly.

Check whether a specific package is installed in Ubuntu

Since the list of installed packages is a huge one, it would be a better idea to use grep and filter the output for a certain package.

A better way is to use this command:

Both q options are for quiet mode. And this way, it only looks for programs that are installed.

Note that the above method also lists the applications installed with .deb files. That’s cool, isn’t it?

Other ways to check installed packages in Ubuntu/Debian

If you have read my apt vs apt-get comparison article, you probably already know that both apt and apt-get basically use dpkg . This means you can use dpkg command to list all the installed packages in Debian.

You can filter the output with grep again to search for a specific package.

So far, you have dealt with applications installed with Debian’s package manager. What about Snap and Flatpak applications? How to list them because they are not accessible with apt and dpkg?

To show all the Snap packages installed on your system, use this command:

Snap list also indicates which applications are from a verified publisher with a green tick.

To list all the Flatpak packages installed on your system, use this:

Let me summarize it for you.

To list packages using apt command:

apt list –installed

To list packages using dpkg command:

dpkg -query -l

To list Snap packages installed on your system:

snap list

To list Flatpak packages installed on your system:

flatpak list

List the recently installed packages

So far you saw the list of installed packages in alphabetical order. What if you want to see the packages that have been installed recently?

Thankfully, a Linux system keeps a log of everything that happens in your system. You can refer to the logs to see the recently installed packages.

There are a couple of ways to do this. You can either use the dpkg command’s log or the apt command’s log.

You’ll have to use grep command to filter the result to list the installed packages only.

This will list all the packages including the dependencies that were installed recently on your system along with the time of installation.

You can also use the history of apt command. This will show only the programs that you installed using apt command. It won’t show the dependencies installed with it, though the details are present in the logs. Sometimes, you just want to see that, right?

The output should be something like this:

The history log of apt is quite useful because it shows the time when the apt command was run, the user who ran the command and the packages that were installed by a command.

Bonus Tip: Show installed applications in Software Center

If you are not comfortable with the terminal and the commands, you still has a way to see the applications installed on your system.

You can open the Software Center and click on the Installed tab. You’ll see the list of applications that have been installed on your system.

It won’t show the libraries and other command line stuff though but perhaps you don’t want to see that as you are more GUI centric. Otherwise, you can always use the Synaptic Package Manager.

That’s it

I hope this quick little tutorial helped you to see the list of installed packages on Ubuntu and Debian based distributions.

If you have questions or suggestions to improve this article, please leave a comment below.

Like what you read? Please share it with others.

Источник

Must Have Essential Applications for Desktop Linux Users

Last updated June 24, 2021 By Ankush Das 257 Comments

Brief: What are the must-have applications for Linux? The answer is subjective, and it depends on what purposes you have for using desktop Linux. But there are still some essential Linux apps that are more likely to be used by most Linux users. Here, we’ve listed the best Linux applications that you should have installed on every Linux distribution you use.

In the world of Linux, there are alternatives to everything. Choosing a distro? There are dozens of them. Trying to find a decent music player? Lots of alternatives there too.

But not all of them are built with the same thing in mind – some of them might target minimalism, while others might offer tons of features. Finding the right application for your needs can be quite a confusing and tiresome task. Let’s make it a bit easier.

Essential applications for Linux users

I’ve put together a list of the essential Linux applications that I prefer to use in different categories. I’m not saying that they are the best, but I’ve tried lots of applications in each category and these are the ones I liked the most. So, you’re more than welcome to mention your favorite applications in the comments section too.

We’ve also had a video on this before (with a few different apps). Do subscribe to our YouTube channel for more educational Linux videos like this one:

We’ll mention some non-FOSS apps here as well (for the sake of regular users who just want a working desktop) – so feel free to let us know your non-FOSS suggestions after reading our recommendations.

In addition, we’ve categorized the apps as well to get you started!

Image Editors

We’ve already discussed some of the best photo applications for Linux. Here we’ll mention two essential tools for every type of user.

Allowing plugins that extend its functionality while being an open source solution is impressive. It offers almost every type of tool you will ever require manipulating an image, scale it, crop it, or simply add a layer to it. You can install it from your AppCenter or Software Center, or visit GIMP’s website to download it.

Inkscape

One of the best Linux tools for digital artists, Inkscape is certainly an impressive image editor as well. Unlike GIMP, Inkscape comes pre-installed on most of the major Linux distros. It offers a bunch of drawing tools and vector graphics editing capabilities making it a powerful choice for manipulating images as well.

Audio Editors

Audacity

We’ve mentioned several audio editors in the past, but Audacity is the most popular tool for basic editing tasks. You can try to experiment and pull off something interesting as well. It supports plugins to extend its functionality. If you’re wondering: it’s open-source software and available for free. You can install it directly from the App Center or Software Center, or from the official download page.

LMMS is a free Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) for Linux. It’s a feature-rich alternative to premium audio editors (or DAWs) for creating, editing, and recording music. If you have a MIDI device, you can just plug it into your machine and get started with LMMS. It also supports VST plugins to enhance your output. You can directly download it from the App Center or the Software Center. To build from source, check out their GitHub page.

Email Clients

Evolution

Evolution is the default mail app for GNOME desktop users, and it is quickly replacing Thunderbird as a pre-installed mail client on a lot of Linux distributions.

It offers an improved layout over Thunderbird and also supports Microsoft Exchange using an extension.

You can check out its GNOME wiki page to find links to Flatpak and other installation options.

Thunderbird

A simple and free email client developed by Mozilla. You may find it pre-installed on some Linux distributions – if not, you can easily install it using your Software Center or App Center. You can also download it from their website and then install it.

It offers most of the features you need – however, the UI may be the only downside for some.

Personal Communication

Signal

Signal is a popular open-source instant messaging app as one of the alternatives to WhatsApp.

We also have a guide to help you install Signal in Linux to get started.

Element

Element is a secure open-source collaboration platform built on Matrix network.

It may not be a popular choice, but it offers plenty of features as a replacement to many other proprietary options for personal or work communication.

Screen Recording and Streaming Tools

Blogger, YouTuber or work in similar industries? Here are a few tools for you.

Kazam

If you’ve been following us, you might have already read about the best screen recorders available for Linux. Kazam is the most simple solution among them. It lets you record your screen and includes a number of essential features like giving you the ability to select the area/window, hiding/showing the cursor, and enabling the sound from your mic/speaker. For installation instructions, their GitHub page would be your best bet.

Open Broadcaster Software is a pretty popular and robust screen recorder app often used by streamers.

You can heavily customize it, add your own template, etc. So there’s a lot of things you can do once you start exploring it. OBS is suitable for both personal and professional users – it’s not the easiest but it’s really useful.

Flameshot

Flameshot is my personal favorite for taking screenshots and annotating them. Heck, you can even directly upload your images to Imgur without needing to save them on your PC. I use this no matter what Linux distro I install — it’s so easy and flexible, you might want to install it too.

Ksnip

A quite simple Qt-based cross-platform screenshot tool that offers more annotation features. We’ve discussed multiple ways to take screenshots in Linux, and using Ksnip is one of them. It’s fairly new, and not the most popular screenshot tool out there, but it works as expected. Refer to the GitHub page for more info.

System Optimizers/Task Managers

Stacer

Stacer is my favorite system optimizer and task manager on Linux, with a beautiful user interface.

You get not only a pretty UI but also a solid set of features to help you in the best way possible. You can manage startup tasks, clean temporary/cache files, manage running services, uninstall packages, and monitor your system resources easily. Check out their GitHub page for installation instructions.

You probably know about the default “top” CLI tool. It’s still useful – but not the best out there.

So if you’re looking for a better command-line based tool, htop is the perfect replacement. You no longer need to type in the process number to kill it, just navigate to it and end it. It’s way easier and faster than the traditional top CLI tool.

You can also take a look at our list of top alternatives to find more utilities for system monitoring.

Apps for Gamers

Steam

Yes, Steam is a proprietary client or marketplace for purchasing/installing/managing your Linux games. But it’s the best client out there, also offering a huge library to choose from. You’ll find both free and paid options, so browse through them. To install it, you can download the .deb file from its official download page or find the installer on AppCenter or Software Center.

Discord

Without a second thought, if you’re a gamer, you have to install this one right away. Do note that it’s not an open source application.

Yes, there are alternatives to it. But nothing beats Discord when it comes to the ability to manage a server room where fellow gamers can interact and communicate on voice channels in-game. You can easily install Discord on Linux.

Media Players

Audacious

Audacious is a simple music player that is low on resources while being an open-source solution. You can customize the interface to give it a different look. To add songs, just drag and drop the folder you want. You can either install it from the Software Center or visit the official download page.

Go on, get started!

I’ve tried a lot of video players on my Windows machine and on Linux systems as well – but I keep going back to VLC pretty much every time. VLC is a simple media player that’s open-source and free as well. It supports almost every type of file format. You can download it from their website or find it on your Software Center.

Media Server Software

Kodi is definitely one of the best media server programs available for Linux. Many of the other best media server tools are based on Kodi as well.

Plex is not entirely open-source media server software, but it offers an option to create a free account. A nice UI with all the basic features you need included. Feel free to install Plex on Ubuntu.

Video Editors

If I had to choose the top two best video editors for Linux, these would be my picks.

Kdenlive

Kdenlive is one of the best free video editing programs available for Linux. It’s an open-source solution and also offers support for dual monitors. It includes most of the necessary features like basic transition effects, layout customization, multi-track editing, and so on.

OpenShot

OpenShot is an open source video editor which is easy to use and robust as well. It includes 3D effects, basic video transitions, drag and drop support, and so on.

If you want to use it for professional-grade editing, you be the judge.

Open-Source Media Converters

Handbrake

Handbrake is an impressive video converter. It supports a wide range of video codecs and quickly converts your videos. Of course, you get to choose the quality or resolution, frame rate, and a lot of other things like subtitles while converting the video.

SoundConverter

Fret not if you’re a fan of audio instead of video. We’ve got you.

SoundConverter is a powerful audio conversion tool that supports almost all file formats and converts audio files pretty fast.

Backup Tools

Backup is one of the essential parts of not only Linux but any operating system. Here are two options for you.

Timeshift

Yes, we often keep a backup of our files. But what about the driver updates and configuration changes that you perform? What if these break your entire system? In this case, Timeshift will help you take a backup (or a snapshot) of your entire OS along with all its configurations. You can easily restore it when something goes wrong. We have a guide to how to use Timeshift on Linux as well.

Bacula

Bacula is a feature-rich open-source backup tool available for Linux.

It’s not just a single program but includes a number of tools for every specific option. Also, it’s somewhat developer-oriented, so if you maintain a network of computers, you can definitely make use of Bacula.

PDF Editing Tools

LibreOffice Draw

For basic PDF editing tasks, LibreOffice Draw is the go-to solution for users who prefer FOSS. It has its limitations – but works like a charm for most use-cases. If it doesn’t fit your needs, you can check out the best Linux PDF editors available.

PDF Studio

PDF Studio is an amazing PDF editor by Qoppa software. It’s not an open source offering – in fact, it’s a paid solution for users looking to edit PDF files. It offers a bunch of features (annotate, edit, optimize, sign, watermark, etc.) for manipulating PDF files easily.

Code and Text Editors

VS Code

Even though we’re Linux users, I’ve noticed that a lot of people like the Visual Studio Code editor. It includes a smart feature to autocomplete what you write based on variable type or function definition. It’s highly recommended if you’re working with Git, because the relevant commands are built-in. And as you start exploring, you’ll discover that there’s so much more to it.

There’s also an unofficial open-source version of it, i.e. VS Codium.

In addition to VS Code, you can also look at some of the best modern code editors for your work.

An open-source editor with a lot of features. If you’re writing scientific documents or a thesis, this can come in handy with its formula editor to make things easier. You can download it right from the AppCenter or Software Center. More information can be found on their website.

Texmaker

Even though we’ve already talked about some of the best LaTeX editors, I’ll mention this as one of the essential additions to your Linux system. It’s specifically tailored for the GNOME environment but works everywhere. Its PDF conversion is blazing fast. Try it by downloading it from the App Center/Software Center or the official site.

Note Taking Apps

Simplenote

Simplenote is one of the best Evernote alternatives available for Linux. The organization behind WordPress (Automattic) is responsible for developing Simplenote. So it’s actively maintained and offers all the basic note taking features (and syncing capabilities) across multiple devices for free.

In addition to this, you can also try some of the best note taking apps for Linux.

Laverna

Laverna is an open-source note taking app available for free. You can use it as a web-based tool with its encryption functionality, or download it to your desktop.

It’s easy to use, with a decent UI. In addition, it also supports code highlighting and a to-do task list to make things easier. Give it a try!

Team Communication & Productivity

Slack

Even at It’s FOSS we used Slack before moving to our self-hosted Rocket.Chat instance — be it on a random topic or when something requires collaboration. This is not an open-source solution.

Slack on Linux is available for free, and you can opt to upgrade it to the premium version for more features. You won’t be needing a premium plan unless you’re an enterprise user with a bunch of users to manage. Free or premium, it’s an essential addition.

You can also look for open-source Slack alternatives if you don’t like it.

Franz

With this app, you no longer have to switch between different browser tabs or applications while working on something. Franz combines almost all the essential messaging/email services under one roof. You just have to launch a single application (and sign in to multiple services) to keep up with all the communication you need without switching to different applications.

If you don’t like it, there are alternatives like Rambox.

Virtualization Apps

Oracle VM VirtualBox

VirtualBox is an amazing free and open-source virtualization solution for those who want to try different distros (or experiment with stuff) without affecting your host system. There are numerous uses for it – go explore!

Authenticators

Authy

Almost everyone uses 2-factor authentication to secure their online accounts. But usually, you need your smartphone along with an authentication app for the codes, right? Fret not, with Authy, an alternative to Google Authenticator, you’ll be able to sync 2FA codes across devices without the risk of losing them. It is available for Android, iOS, Linux, Windows, and macOS as well.

Wrapping Up

We’ve tried to list all the essential applications for a Linux user here. But then again, you might have a favorite that we’ve missed.

Let us know your thoughts in the comments below.

Like what you read? Please share it with others.

Источник