Презентация по английскому языку на тему «Косвенная речь в английском языке»
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Косвенная речь в английском языке МБОУ «Гимназия № 32» учитель английского языка Гросс Н.А.
Прямая речь – это дословное воспроизведение чужого высказывания (цитирование) (direct speech). Для ее передачи используются специальные синтаксические конструкции, которые состоят из 2 компонентов: слов автора и собственно прямой речи. Косвенная речь – это передача чужой речи в форме придаточного предложения. Косвенная речь обычно передает только содержание чужого высказывания, не воспроизводя его дословно (reported speech).
Direct speech (прямая речь) He says, “I like playing tennis.” Он говорит: «Я люблю играть в теннис.» He says, “We are having dinner now.” Он говорит: «Мы сейчас ужинаем.»
Reported speech (Косвенная речь) Главное предложение в настоящем времени. He says (that) he likes playing tennis. Он говорит, что он любит играть в теннис. He says (that) they are having dinner now. Он говорит, что они сейчас ужинают.
Reported speech (Косвенная речь) Главное предложение в прошедшем времени He said (that) he liked playing tennis. Он сказал, что он любит играть в теннис. He said (that) they were having dinner then. Он сказал, что они сейчас ужинают. В косвенной речи личные/притяжательные местоимения изменяются соответственно значению предложения.
Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места изменяются в косвенной речи В прямой речи В косвенной речи now then, immediately today that day yesterday the day before, the previous day tomorrow the next/following day thisweek thatweek lastweek the weekbefore, thepreviousweek nextweek theweekafter,the following week ago before here there
Согласование времен в косвенной речи Direct speech/Прямая речь Reported speech/косвенная речь Present Simple Past Simple He said, “Ilistento music every day.” He said (that) helistenedto music.” Present Continuous Past Continuous He said, “Iam listeningto musicnow.” He said (that) hewas listeningto musicthen. Present Perfect Past Perfect He said, “Ihavealreadylistenedto music.” He said (that) hehad listenedto music. Past Simple Past Perfect He said, “Ilistenedto musicyesterday.” He said (that) hehad listenedto musicthe day before. Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous / Past Continuous He said, “Iwas listeningto music at 5 o’clock yesterday.” He said (that) hehad been listening / was listeningto music at 5 o’clockthe day before” Will (Future Simple)/ shall Would / should He said, “Iwilllisten to music.” He said (that) hewouldlisten to music.
Direct speech (прямая речь) Прямая речь может представлять собой: 1.утвердительное предложение He says, “I like playing tennis.” 2.вопросительное предложение She asked, “Are you going out?” She asked, “How much is it?” 3.повелительное предложение She told me, “Please, don’t do it.”
Вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи 1. Общие вопросы (без вопросительного слова) He asked, “Do you know this?” Он спросил: «Ты знаешь это?» He asked if/whether I knew that. (прямой порядок слов) Он спросил знаю ли я это. 2. Специальные вопросы (с вопрос. словом) He asked, “How can I help you?” Он спросил: «Как я могу помочь?» He asked how he could help. (прямой порядок слов) Он спросил как он мог помочь.
Повелительные предложения Указания, просьбы. Предложения в косвенной речи вводятся глаголами suggest, advice, ask, tell. She told me, “Please, don’t do it.” Он сказала мне: «Не делай это, пожалуйста.» She told me not to do it. (используется инфинитив) Она сказала мне не делать этого.
Choose the correct form 1. The doctor said to me that I (shall/should) rest for a week. 2. He said that he (is going/was going) to learn Spanish. 3. He said that they (were/ had been) friends at school. 4. She asked if her knowledge of French (is/was) good. 5. The teacher asked who (is/was) present (that day/today) 6. He asked me where I (study/studied). 7. Mother ordered (not to play/to not play) in the street.
Check yourself 1.The doctor said to me that I should rest for a week. 2. He said that he was going to learn Spanish. 3. He said that they had been friends at school. 4. She asked if her knowledge of French was good. 5. The teacher asked who was present that day. 6. He asked me where I studied. 7. Mother ordered not to play in the street.
Put them into Reported speech 1. “I’m going to the seaside soon,” she said. 2. He asked her, ”Are you working now?” 3. The teacher asked, ”Can you play the piano?” 4. I asked her, ”Why are you late?” 5. “Who has broken the window?” the teacher asked. 6. “Look at this paper” he said. 7. “Don’t go alone in the evening,” she said.
Check yourself 1. She said that she was going to the seaside soon. 2. Helen asked if that bus stopped following station. 3. He asked her if she was working then. 4. The teacher asked if I could play the piano. 5. I asked why she was late. 6. The teacher asked who had broken the window. 7. He said to look at that paper. 8. The teacher told not to go alone in the evening.
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Who has broken the windows
1.. Mother and I are planning to go to the country for a few days. (Dreiser) 2. It was a cold, windy evening and there were few people in the Park. 3. A few words that I have to add to what 1 have written, are soon penned. (Dickens) 4. We needn’t take a porter. We have little luggage. 5. When you’ve wanted something very badly and it comes at last, it is somehow a little frightening. (Maugham) 6. A little I have to say can be said in a few minutes. 7. I am commonly a man of few words. (Dickens) 8. One morning, when Rose was alone in a breakfast-parlour, Harry Maylie entered; and, with some hesitation, begged a permission to speak with her for a few moments. (Dickens) 9. What a little light there was came from one small window. (Priestley) 10. He paused, wishing he had not mentioned that fact. It was slip of tongue, one of a few he ever made, due to peculiar pressure of situation. (Dreiser) 11. Oh, I know there’s no danger, but I’m a little frightened all the same. (Greene) 12. Well, for instance, why don’t you tell me about your sister? She always sounds fascinating, from little I hear, but I’ve no real idea what she’s like. (Hansford Johnson) 13. An old man replied that there were a few grown persons as trustworthy or as careful as she [Nell]. (Dickens) 14. Harriet closed her coat quickly and walked a little faster. (/. Shaw) 15. We can’t disguise from ourselves that there’s little hope. (Greene) 16. He accepted willingly my invitation to remain for a few days in my apartment. (Maugham) 17. I seem to have forgotten little I ever knew. (Conan Doyle) 18. He tried to orient himself by : the stars; but it was a cloudy night and a few stars that were visible did not announce any constellation that he could recognize. (Murdoch) 19. Carie expostulated, begged, was very angry, even wept little, and then suddenly capitulated. (Buck) 20. Luf- kin’s tastes were austere. He spent little on himself. (Snow) 21. I see very few women; but those are the women of rank. (James) 22. Mary offered to lend a little she had. (E. Bronte) 23. I’ve travelled a little, but not enough. (Hansford Johnson) 24. Surely, during a few hours he might pass in the cottage it would be easy for her to keep out of his way. (Marryat) 25. She respected him mightily but gave him a very little thought. (Buck) 26. When winter came. he suffered a good deal from — cold and hunger, and often had to go to bed without any supper but a few dried pears or some hard nuts. (Wilde) 27. He was one of a few men of science who never terrified me, probably because he never behaved like a doctor. (Lee)
Exercise 34. Insert articles where necessary.
(C) Second, third, etc.
1. Of all those to whom he appealed one was actually not in __ position to do anything for him; another was afraid; __ third was calculating eagerly to drive __ hard bargain; __ fourth was too deliberate, anxious to have much time. [Dreiser) 2. Two people would have to hold __ chair, and __ third would help him up on it, and __ fourth would hand him __ nail, and __ fifth would pass him up __ hammer. (Jerome K. Jerome) 3. __ professor Earle Fox ignored for __ second time __ buzzing signal from the secretary in __ adjoining office. (Wilson) 4. One evening __ little Hans was sitting by his fireside when __ loud rap came at __ door. At first he thought it was merely the storm. But __ second rap came, then __ third. (Wilde) 5. Mr. Pickwick was perfectly aware that __ tree is __ very dangerous neighbour in __ thunderstorm. He had __ tree on his right, __ tree on his left, __ third before him, and __ fourth behind. (Dickens) 6. Take care, Caroline. I’ve proposed twice now. I shall not propose __ third time. (Maugham)
(C) Second, third, etc.
1. Of all those to whom he appealed one was actually not in position to do anything for him; another was afraid; the third was calculating eagerly to drive hard bargain; the fourth was too deliberate, anxious to have much time. [Dreiser) 2. Two people would have to hold a chair, and the third would help him up on it, and the fourth would hand him a nail, and the fifth would pass him up a hammer. (Jerome K. Jerome) 3. The professor Earle Fox ignored for the second time a buzzing signal from the secretary in adjoining office. (Wilson) 4. One evening a little Hans was sitting by his fireside when a loud rap came at the door. At first he thought it was merely the storm. But the second rap came, then the third. (Wilde) 5. Mr. Pickwick was perfectly aware that a tree is a very dangerous neighbour in thunderstorm. He had a tree on his right, s tree on his left, the third before him, and the fourth behind. (Dickens) 6. Take care, Caroline. I’ve proposed twice now. I shall not propose the third time. (Maugham)
Exercise 35. Insert another or the other.
(D) 1. A person who has not done one half of his day’s work by ten o’clock, runs the chance of leaving __ half undone. (E. Bronte) 2. Her hands lay on her lap motionless, one in __ loosely clasped. (Maugham) 3. There was __ silence, not a long one. (Snow) 4. Then she came and sat down on __ side of the hearth. (Galsworthy) 5. There was __ reason why he was disturbed. Though he was ambitious, he had high standards of behaviour. (Snow) 6. Fleur stole __ look. (Galsworthy) 7. The boy sidled nearer, moving one foot slowly after __ 8. There was __ thing I liked in Mrs. Strickland. (Maugham)
(D) 1. A person who has not done one half of his day’s work by ten o’clock, runs the chance of leaving another half undone. (E. Bronte) 2. Her hands lay on her lap motionless, one in other loosely clasped. (Maugham) 3. There was another silence, not a long one. (Snow) 4. Then she came and sat down on other side of the hearth. (Galsworthy) 5. There was another reason why he was disturbed. Though he was ambitious, he had high standards of behaviour. (Snow) 6. Fleur stole another look. (Galsworthy) 7. The boy sidled nearer, moving one foot slowly after other 8. There was another thing I liked in Mrs. Strickland. (Maugham)
Exercise 36. Insert articles where necessary.
(E) A number, the number.
1. Thirteen years of life with Frank Cowperwood had taught her __ number of things. (Dreiser) 2. __ colonel says our losses have not been heavy. __ exact number is not yet known. (Greene) 3. To this particular dinner __ number of people. had been invited. (Dreiser) 4. Those who had any letters to deliver or. any settled plan of going anywhere or doing anything, discussed their prospects __ hundred times __ day; and as this class of passengers was small, and __ number of those who had no prospects whatever was very large, there were plenty of listeners and few talkers. (Dickens) 5. While he was dancing, Cowperwood had occasion to look at Aileen. She passed close to him __ number of times. (Dreiser) 6. He went up into __ picture gallery. On __ bureau there were laid __ number of letters and things to be attended to. (Galsworthy)
(E) A number, the number.
1. Thirteen years of life with Frank Cowperwood had taught her a number of things. (Dreiser) 2. Colonel says our losses have not been heavy. An exact number is not yet known. (Greene) 3. To this particular dinner a number of people. had been invited. (Dreiser) 4. Those who had any letters to deliver or. any settled plan of going anywhere or doing anything, discussed their prospects a hundred times a day; and as this class of passengers was small, and a number of those who had no prospects whatever was very large, there were plenty of listeners and few talkers. (Dickens) 5. While he was dancing, Cowperwood had occasion to look at Aileen. She passed close to him a number of times. (Dreiser) 6. He went up into picture gallery. On the bureau there were laid a number of letters and things to be attended to. (Galsworthy)
Exercise 37. Insert articles where necessary.
1. What __ strange feeling it was to be going home when it was not home, and to find that every object I looked at reminded me of __ happy old home which was like __ dream I could never dream again. (Dickens) 2. On her face 1 saw __ placid and sweet expression of __ : lady whose picture had looked at me downstairs. It seemed to my imagination as if __ portrait had grown womanly and __ original remained __ child. (Dickens) 3. Rebecca’s mother had had __ education somewhere and her daughter spoke __ French with __ purity and __ Parisian accent.lt was in those days rather __ rare accomplishment, and led to her engagement with __ orthodox Miss Pinkerton. (Thackeray) 4. He had __ wit, __ keen sense of __ humour, __ sense of pathos. (Dreiser) 5. __ one thing that really interested him in connection with his parents was __ existence somewhere in __ east in __ small city called Lycurgus. of __ uncle, __ brother of his father’s. (Dreiser) 6. But __ bed I made up for myself was sufficiently uncomfortable to give me __ wakeful night, and I thought __ good deal of what __ unlucky Dutchman had told me. (Maugham) 7. We went down __ corridors, down __ stone stairs. We crossed over __ Park by __ lake; one of __ pelicans was spreading its wings. __ trees- were creaking in. __ blustery wind; on __ grass, __ first leaves had fallen. It was __ dark evening, with __ clouds, low and grey, driving across from __ west. (Snow) 8. I breathed deeply two or three times, but felt _ little calmer, __ enormity of __ situation was too overpowering. (Clark) 9. __ English of __ 14th century differs from __ Modern English. 10. He was young still, and in __ few years he would look back on all his misery with __ sadness in which there would be something not unpleasurable. (Maugham) 11. After __ lights within, it was very dark, and __ night was enormous and silent with __ intensity which for __ moment made her pause in __ awe. She was in __ unfamiliar street. It was __ damp night, with rare stars. (Murdoch) 12. I had often new temptations afterwards to wonder whether it was really singular, or only singular to me, that he, who was __ most grateful of mankind upon __ least occasion, should so desire to escape __ gratitude of others. (Dickens) 13. Large drops of __ rain, which pattered every now and then against __ windows of __ chaise, seemed to warn __ travellers of __ rapid approach of __ stormy night. (Dickens) 14. It’s pleasant to get used to __ expensive, __ soft, __ comfortable. (Stone) 15. __ children of __ poor know but __ few pleasures. Even __ cheap delights of __ childhood must be bought and paid for. (Dickens) 16. And there began for Soames __ most confused evening he had ever spent. For in his heart were — great gladness and __ great pity, and he must not show __ sign of either. (Galsworthy) 17. __ walls, down which ran __ number and variety of ^ __ pipes and cables, were painted in two contrasting shades of green — dark up to __ height of five foot, lighter above that. (Clark) 18. In __ evening __ weather broke, __ wind shifted from __ South to __ North-East and brought __ rain first and then __ sleet and __ snow. (£. Bronte) 19. __ Miller said all kinds of beautiful things about __ friendship, which Hans took down in __ note-book and used to read over at __ night, for he was __ very good scholar. (Wilde) 20. She drew __ little away from him; then perceived that unwittingly she had done __ right thingr for he at once tried to take her hand again. And this was her first lesson too in __ nature of __ man. (Galsworthy) 21. __ London train was on __ point of __ departure. It was yet __ early morning, __ hour of __ milkmen and __ postmen __ station had __ chill, unused, deserted look; __, passengers were few. (Bennett) 22. In __ hands of __ strong, like himself when he was at his best, __ law was __ sword and __ shield, __ trap to place before __ feet of __ unwary; __ pit to dig in __ path of those who might pursue. (Dreiser)
1. What a strange feeling it was to be going home when it was not home, and to find that every object I looked at reminded me of a happy old home which was like a dream I could never dream again. (Dickens) 2. On her face 1 saw a placid and sweet expression of lady whose picture had looked at me downstairs. It seemed to my imagination as if portrait had grown womanly and original remained a child. (Dickens) 3. Rebecca’s mother had had education somewhere and her daughter spoke French with purity and a Parisian accent.lt was in those days rather a rare accomplishment, and led to her engagement with orthodox Miss Pinkerton. (Thackeray) 4. He had a wit, keen sense of humour, the sense of pathos. (Dreiser) 5. One thing that really interested him in connection with his parents was existence somewhere in the east in a small city called Lycurgus. of uncle, brother of his father’s. (Dreiser) 6. But the bed I made up for myself was sufficiently uncomfortable to give me a wakeful night, and I thought a good deal of what unlucky Dutchman had told me. (Maugham) 7. We went down corridors, down a stone stairs. We crossed over the Park by lake; one of the pelicans was spreading its wings. The trees- were creaking in. A blustery wind; on the grass, the first leaves had fallen. It was a dark evening, with the clouds, low and grey, driving across from the west. (Snow) 8. I breathed deeply two or three times, but felt a little calmer, enormity of situation was too overpowering. (Clark) 9. English of the 14th century differs from Modern English. 10. He was young still, and in a few years he would look back on all his misery with sadness in which there would be something not unpleasurable. (Maugham) 11. After lights within, it was very dark, and night was enormous and silent with intensity which for a moment made her pause in awe. She was in an unfamiliar street. It was a damp night, with rare stars. (Murdoch) 12. I had often new temptations afterwards to wonder whether it was really singular, or only singular to me, that he, who was the most grateful of mankind upon least occasion, should so desire to escape gratitude of others. (Dickens) 13. Large drops of the rain, which pattered every now and then against the windows of chaise, seemed to warn the travellers of rapid approach of stormy night. (Dickens) 14. It’s pleasant to get used to an expensive, soft, comfortable. (Stone) 15. The children of poor know but few pleasures. Even cheap delights of childhood must be bought and paid for. (Dickens) 16. And there began for Soames the most confused evening he had ever spent. For in his heart were great gladness and great pity, and he must not show a sign of either. (Galsworthy) 17. The walls, down which ran a number and variety of pipes and cables, were painted in two contrasting shades of green dark up to height of five foot, lighter above that. (Clark) 18. In the evening the weather broke, the wind shifted from South to North-East and brought the rain first and then sleet and snow. (£. Bronte) 19. Miller said all kinds of beautiful things about friendship, which Hans took down in the note-book and used to read over at night, for he was a very good scholar. (Wilde) 20. She drew a little away from him; then perceived that unwittingly she had done right things for he at once tried to take her hand again. And this was her first lesson too in the nature of the man. (Galsworthy) 21. A London train was on the point of departure. It was yet early morning, an hour of the milkmen and the postmen. The station had a chill, unused, deserted look; the passengers were few. (Bennett) 22. In the hands of strong, like himself when he was at his best, law was a sword and shield, a trap to place before the feet of unwary; the pit to dig in the path of those who might pursue. (Dreiser)
Exercise 38. Follow the direction for Exercise 37.
1. He had not been here five minutes when __ vivid flash of lightning was followed by __ loud peal of thunder, that crashed and rolled away in __ distance with terrific noise; then came another flash of lightning brighter than __ other, and __ second peal of thunder, louder than __ first. (Dickens) 2. Sedov died on his way to __ North Pole. Most of __ members of his expedition died too. __ Soviet Government built __ Arctic station at __ place where Sedov died, and from that station another expedition, this time __ Soviet expedition, went to — North and set — Soviet flag over __ North Pole. 3. Glinka was born in 1804. His uncle had __ orchestra of his own. Very often __ boy would take up __ violon and try to repeat __ notes and rhythm of __ music he had heard. In 1818 __ Glinkas went to St. Petersburg, where Mikhail was placed in __ boarding school at __ St. Petersburg Central Pedagogical Institute. In 1830 Glinka went to Italy, where he stayed for __ number of years. However, it was St. Petersburg that was __ Glinka’s home for __ greater part of his life. __ St. Petersburg of Pushkin played __ great part in. __ Glinka’s life. — man and __ human soul are expressed in __ Glinka’s music with __ deep sincerity and understanding. (Soviet Literature) 4. She [Lillian] was s]ightly taller than he. and shapely, artistic in __. form and __ feature. Her hair was __ colour of — dried English walnut and her complexion waxen, with __ lips of faint pink and eyes that varied from gray to blue and from gray to brown according to. __ light in which you saw them. Her beauty measured up to his present sense of __ artistic. (Dreiser) 5. There were __ number of young women who were very friendly to her, but there were _ few with whom she was really intimate. __ only person who stood out in her mind was __ certain Mary Calligan. who had attended __ school with Aileen in former years and was now __ teacher in one of __ local schools. (Dreiser) 6. Dick Stroeve, giving up his work entirely, nursed Strickland with __ tenderness and __ sympathy. He was dexterous to make him comfortable, and he exercised — cunning of which I should never have thought him capable to induce him to take _ medicine prescribed by __ doctor. I shall never forget __ tactful patience with which he persuaded him to take — nourishment. (Maugham) 7. __ reddish, fitful light was coming from __ window above. Great God! His picture gallery! He ran to — foot of __ stairs that led up to it. __ stealthy sound, __ scent of burning much more emphatic, staggered him. He hurried up __ stairs and pulled open __ door. Heavens! __ far end of __ gallery, at __ extreme left comer of __ house, was on fire. (Galsworthy) 8. Rosa knocked several times without getting any answer and had stepped back tin to __ pavement to look up at __ closely curtained windows when __ door opened very quietly to __ gap of __ few inches and с __ pale face peered out. Rosa sprang forwards with such __ alacrity that __ owner of, __ face immediately shut __ door again, and Rosa could hear __ chain being fixed. With this additional safeguard __ door opened once more to __ narrow slit and Rosa could see one pale blue eye looking out at her. (Murdoch) 9. But though so bad __ painter he had __ very delicate feeling for __ art, and to go with him to __ picture galleries was __ rare treat. I think 1 have never known __ man whose judgement was surer. And he was better educated than __ most painters. He was not ignorant of __ kindred arts, and his taste for __ music and __ literature gave __ depth and variety to his comprehension of __ painting. To __ young man like myself his advice and guidance was of __ incomparable value. (Maugham)
1. He had not been here five minutes when vivid flash of lightning was followed by loud peal of thunder, that crashed and rolled away in the distance with terrific noise; then came another flash of lightning brighter than other, and the second peal of thunder, louder than the first. (Dickens) 2. Sedov died on his way to the North Pole. Most of members of his expedition died too. The Soviet Government built an Arctic station at the place where Sedov died, and from that station another expedition, this time the Soviet expedition, went to the North and set the Soviet flag over The North Pole. 3. Glinka was born in 1804. His uncle had an orchestra of his own. Very often the boy would take up a violon and try to repeat notes and rhythm of music he had heard. In 1818 Glinkas went to St. Petersburg, where Mikhail was placed in a boarding school at the St. Petersburg Central Pedagogical Institute. In 1830 Glinka went to Italy, where he stayed for a number of years. However, it was St. Petersburg that was Glinka’s home for greater part of his life. The St. Petersburg of Pushkin played a great part in Glinka’s life. The man and _human soul are expressed in Glinka’s music with deep sincerity and understanding. (Soviet Literature) 4. She [Lillian] was slightly taller than he. and shapely, artistic in form and feature. Her hair was a colour of dried English walnut and her complexion waxen, with the lips of faint pink and eyes that varied from gray to blue and from gray to brown according to. Light in which you saw them. Her beauty measured up to his present sense of artistic. (Dreiser) 5. There were a number of young women who were very friendly to her, but there were few with whom she was really intimate. The only person who stood out in her mind was certain Mary Calligan. who had attended school with Aileen in former years and was now the teacher in one of local schools. (Dreiser) 6. Dick Stroeve, giving up his work entirely, nursed Strickland with tenderness and sympathy. He was dexterous to make him comfortable, and he exercised cunning of which I should never have thought him capable to induce him to take medicine prescribed by a doctor. I shall never forget a tactful patience with which he persuaded him to take nourishment. (Maugham) 7. A reddish, fitful light was coming from the window above. Great God! His picture gallery! He ran to foot of the stairs that led up to it. Stealthy sound, scent of burning much more emphatic, staggered him. He hurried up stairs and pulled open the door. Heavens! Far end of gallery, at an extreme left comer of the house, was on fire. (Galsworthy) 8. Rosa knocked several times without getting any answer and had stepped back in to the pavement to look up at closely curtained windows when the door opened very quietly to gap of few inches and a pale face peered out. Rosa sprang forwards with such alacrity that the owner of the face immediately shut the door again, and Rosa could hear a chain being fixed. With this additional safeguard the door opened once more to a narrow slit and Rosa could see one pale blue eye looking out at her. (Murdoch) 9. But though so bad painter he had a very delicate feeling for the art, and to go with him to the picture galleries was rare treat. I think 1 have never known the man whose judgement was surer. And he was better educated than most painters. He was not ignorant of a kindred arts, and his taste for music and literature gave depth and variety to his comprehension of painting. To the young man like myself his advice and guidance was of incomparable value. (Maugham)
