Features on Demand (FODs) are Windows features that can be added at any time. Common features include language resources like handwriting recognition or other features like the .NET Framework (.NetFx3). When Windows 10 or Windows Server needs a new feature, it can request the feature package from Windows Update.
You can also preinstall FODs so they’re ready if a user needs them. FODs are distributed as .cab files on the Feature on Demand ISO and you can use DISM to add a FOD to a Windows image. If you’re using the FOD ISO to preinstall FODs, make sure you’re using the FOD ISO that matches your Windows image version.
Add language packs, FODs, and apps, in that order, prior to installing an update. If you add an update prior to adding language packs, FODs, and apps you’ll have to reinstall the update.
Types of Features on Demand
Starting with Windows 10, version 1809 and Windows Server 2019, Windows has two different types of Features on Demand:
FODs without satellite packages: FODs with all language resources packaged into the same package. These FODs are distributed as a single .cab file.
They can be added using either DISM /Add-Capability or /Add-Package .
FODs with satellite packages: Language-neutral FODs that have language and/or architecture resources in separate packages (satellites). When you install this type of FOD, only the packages that apply to the Windows image are installed, which reduces disk footprint. These FODs are distributed as a set of several .cab files, but are installed by specifying a single /capabilityname . These are new for Windows 10, version 1809.
They can only be added using DISM /Add-Capability (and not /Add-Package ).
FODs with satellites require a well-formed FOD repository. This can either be the full FOD repository on the ISO, or a custom repository created with DISM /export-source . They cannot be added by pointing to a directory with a handful of FOD files hand-copied from the repository, because DISM requires additional metadata to make the right connections.
See Available Features on demand for more information about which FODs have satellites. Language FODs don’t have satellites.
While you can add non-satellite FODs using /add-package , we recommend adding all FODs with /add-capability because you can use it to add both satellite and non-satellite FODs.
Adding or removing Features on Demand
Using DISM /add-package to add or remove FODs
You can add non-satellite Features on demand to a Windows image with DISM /add-package . The FODs that you can add with /add-package include the language FODs, the FODs that come preinstalled with Windows, and the FODs that we recommend for preinstallation.
OEMs can generally add FODs to their Windows images using DISM /add-package , unless they need to preinstall a FOD that has satellites.
Command
Description
Example
/add-package
Adds a package, including a FOD .cab to an image. add-package can only be used to add FODs that don’t have satellite packages.
Removes a package from an image. Note: Don’t remove a package that other packages depend on. For example, if you have the French handwriting and basic packages installed, don’t remove the basic package.
You can also install FODs with DISM /add-Capability . You have to use /add-capability to preinstall satellite FODs. If you’re preinstalling a FOD onto an offline image, use the /source option to tell Windows where to find the FOD installation files. The /source could be a FOD repository or a mounted FOD ISO. You can use multiple /source arguments in a command.
If you’re adding a FOD to an online image, /add-capability downloads features from Windows Update and adds them to the image. If you don’t want to install from Windows Update, you can use /LimitAccess , which tells DISM to not check Windows Update or Windows Server Update Services for the capability source files.
Use the /online option to add the capability to your PC.
Use /Image:\ with the /source option to add the capability to a mounted Windows image.
Command
Description
Example
/add-capability
Adds a capability to an image.
For packages with dependencies this also pulls dependent packages. For example, if you add the Speech package, you’ll also get the Text-to-speech and Basic packages in addition to Speech.
DISM looks for source files in the following locations:
If /Source is specified, DISM looks in the specified locations first.
If /Source is not specified, or if the source files are not found in the specified locations, DISM checks the locations specified by group policy.
If the files still aren’t found, and if DISM is running against an online image, and if /LimitAccess is not specified, it looks for the files on Windows Update.
Note: You cannot remove a capability that other packages depend on. For example, if you have the French handwriting and basic capabilities installed, you can’t remove the basic capability.
To see all available DISM commands for capabilities, see DISM Capabilities Package Servicing Command-Line Options.
Включение и отключение компонентов Windows 10
Как известно, Windows 10 отличается набором компонентов от предыдущих версий операционных систем Windows. Зачастую требуется их включить или выключить, чтобы они не потребляли системные ресурсы, да и просто не мешали. В этой статье мы рассмотрим как это сделать быстрее и эффективнее.
Начнем с того, что существует два основных способа работы с компонентами (они еще называются features) — утилита DISM и командлеты Powershell. И то и другое встроено в Windows 10, в отличие от Windows 7, где dism можно было добавить или установив пакет Windows ADK, или руками скопировав dism.exe с другого компьютера.
Сразу отмечу, что утилиту dism и среду powershell для работы с системой необходимо запускать от имени администратора, даже если ваш аккаунт уже находится в группе локальных админов. Итак, вы или находите cmd или windows powershell в меню и, кликнув правой кнопкой мышки, выбираете «Запуск от имени администратора».
В Windows 10 есть понятие Features и Capabilities. Первое — это привычные нам компоненты, которые можно найти в Панели управления -> Программы и компоненты -> Включение и отключение компонентов Windows. То есть это встраиваемые модули, которые выполняют определенный сервисный функционал.
Capabilities — это дополнительные возможности, которые расширяют возможности интерфейса и увеличивают удобство пользователя. Среди них — Language packs, наборы шрифтов. Да, Microsoft удалил часть нестандартных шрифтов, которые теперь вынесены в опциональные компоненты. Скачать эти компоненты можно в виде ISO файла с сайта Volume Licensing Service Center или напрямую через Internet и графический интерфейс Windows. Такую концепцию Microsoft назвала Features on Demand (FOD). Их в более ранних версия Windows не было.
Работаем с Windows Features
Итак, список установленных компонентов можно посмотреть командой
Dism /online /Get-Features
Вот как в Powershell можно получить список всех компонентов командлетами Get-WindowsFeature (для Windows Server) или Get-WindowsOptionalFeature (Windows 10):
Чтобы получить список отключенных компонентов, введите:
Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online | ? state -eq ‘disabled’ | select featurename
Этот список также можно вывести в файл (для windows Server):
Аналогично, через Powershell это можно сделать командой Disable-Windowsoptionalfeature -online -featureName [feature name].
Обратите внимание, некоторые фичи имеют разные названия в Windows 7 и Windows 10. Например, RSAT в Windows 7 — это RemoteServerAdministrationTools, а в Windows 10 — RSATclient.
Управление Features on Demand (FOD)
Если вы устанавливаете их через графический интерфейс, то вам необходимо пройти “System –> App & features –> Manage optional features” и нажать знак + напротив необходимых компонентов.
Чтобы сделать это автоматизированно через командную строку, наберите чтобы получить список доступных компонентов:
DISM.EXE /Online /Get-Capabilities
или на Powershell:
Как и прежде, запомните название необходимых вам компонентов, чтобы включить их командой (на примере .Net Framework 3):
Если же у вас нет доступа в Интернет, то есть выход. Итак, вы скачиваете ISO образ диска с FOD компонентами с сайта Volume Licensing Service Center. Файлы будут разные для разных релизов Windows 10 — 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709. Важно помнить, что компоненты одного релиза не подходят к другому. Если вы сделаете in-place upgrade (установка одного релиза поверх другого через обновление), то несовместимые установленные компоненты будут удалены без вашего желания! Да, Microsoft удаляет то, что считает несовместимым при обновлении.
Так вот, ISO файл содержит набор неизвестных и сложных для понимания файлов с расширением cab. Вот чудесный файлик на сайта Microsoft, который обясняет назначение каждого файла. Итак, существуют следующие типы FOD:
Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Basic — проверка правописания для различных языков и раскладок клавиатуры;
Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Fonts — национальные шрифты, например, азиатские
Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-OCR — средства для распознавания шрифтов
Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-Handwriting — средства для распознавания рукописного ввода
Microsoft-Windows-LanguageFeatures-TextToSpeech — средства преобразования текста в голос, используемые подсказчиком Cortana
Установка и переустановка пакетов языков (Language Interface Packs, LIP)
Язык интерфейса Windows можно поменять, установив так называемые LIP. ранее они назывались MUI (Multi user interface). Файлы LIP выглядят так: Microsoft-Windows-Client-Language-Pack_x64_es-es.cab для испанского языка. Выглядеть установка будет примерно так:
В следующей статье мы поговорим как с помощью DISM и Powershell управлять так называемыми Modern-приложениями AppX.
Available Features on Demand
The following Features on Demand are available for Windows 10 and Windows Server. Some FODs come preinstalled with Windows and are all you need to ship a Windows device. You can, however, add additional FODs to support additional hardware features or enable certain use cases.
You can use either DISM /image:
/get-capabilities or DISM /online /get-capabilities to see which Features on Demand are available in your image of Windows 10. To see how to add Features on Demand, see Features on Demand.
To see available Features on Demand for languages and regions, see Language and region Features on Demand
The installation size of Feature on Demand packages captured here are approximate and may vary between releases. Installation sizes will also vary if Reserved Storage is enabled. Reserved Storage is enabled by default on most client versions of Windows 10, version 1903 and later that were clean installed. This variance in installation size accounts for growth in the Reserved Storage size to ensure there is enough disk space for all installed Feature on Demand packages to be preserved during updates.
Preinstalled FODs
The following Features on Demand come preinstalled in a Windows image. Don’t remove these FODs from the Windows image:
DirectX Configuration Database
This includes the DirectX Database to configure and optimize apps when multiple Graphics Adapters, including those externally connected via Thunderbolt or USB, are present.
This Feature on Demand adds the Math Input Control and Recognizer. On Windows 10, version 2004 and earlier, it also includes the Math Input Panel application.
This Feature on Demand adds the classic system Notepad, for editing text files when newer versions of the Notepad app are not available.
On Windows Insider Preview Build 21337 and later versions, Notepad is a preinstalled app which is updated through the Microsoft Store. This Feature on Demand adds the older version of Notepad, which can be launched if the preinstalled Notepad app is not available.
On Windows 10, version 2004, the Notepad Feature on Demand is preinstalled instead of Notepad (system).
Availability: Windows Insider Preview Build 21337 and later
OneSync
This Feature on Demand is a mail, contacts, and calendar sync component. Not including this Feature on Demand on your Windows image will cause UWP apps such as Mail, People, and Calendar to not be able to properly sync.
Feature: Exchange ActiveSync and Internet Mail Sync Engine
This Feature on Demand package adds the Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE), a graphical editor for PowerShell scripts with syntax-coloring, tab completion, and visual debugging.
Microsoft Quick Assist allows users to share their screen with Microsoft support agents or other trusted people. This Feature on Demand is preinstalled, but not available on the Feature on Demand ISO.
Feature: Microsoft Quick Assist
Capability name: App.Support.QuickAssist
0.0.1.0
Sample package name:
Install size: 1.51 MB
Satellites: None
Availability: Windows 10, version 1607 and later
Steps Recorder
This Feature on Demand package adds Steps Recorder, enabling individual steps to be captured with screenshots to save or share.
This Feature on Demand enables Mixed Reality (MR) devices to be used on a PC. If this Feature on Demand is not present, MR devices may not function properly.
Note: Make sure to add this feature on demand prior to adding an update.
Recommendation: Recommended for MR-Ready badged PCs, otherwise do not preinstall.
The Mixed Reality Feature on Demand has a large installation size. This FOD also requires the installation of an additional data assets package, if an updated asset package is available. Updates to the Mixed Reality FOD are available via regular Windows LCUs. The data assets update package, when available, is a separate download from the Microsoft Update Catalog.
These Features on Demand add the retail demo package to a device, for use in retail stores. These features are available as .cab packages on the FOD ISO, and should be added with DISM /add-package . See Add or remove packages offline with DISM.
Recommendation: Preinstall on devices that will be shipped to a retail store. Install the language-neutral FOD, as well as at least one language-specific FOD to ensure that any Windows 10 device can be used as a demo device. Windows will automatically remove these FODs after a user goes through a non-RetailDemo OOBE. See Retail demo experience for more information about configuring RDX.
Server Core App Compatibility significantly improves the app compatibility of the Windows Server Core installation option by including a subset of binaries and packages from Windows Server with Desktop Experience, without adding all components of the Windows Server Desktop Experience graphical environment. This FOD is available on the Server FOD ISO.
Availability: Windows Server 2019 (Server Core only)
Wireless Display
This Feature on Demand package adds the Connect application which allows other devices to wirelessly project to this computer.
Recommendation: Only include if you need the capability to receive wireless projections. This feature is not required to wirelessly project to another device.
The following is a list of additional FODs you can add to your Windows image to enable additional functionality based on your hardware configuration or to support additional use cases.
Accessibility
This Feature on Demand enables Braille devices to work with the inbox Narrator screen reader. Without this Feature on Demand, Braille drivers and translation tables will be missing, causing Braille to not function properly.
Recommendation: Don’t include these Features on Demand in your image, as doing so could conflict with Braille device rights restrictions.
This Feature on Demand’s installation can be triggered by a user from the Windows Settings app.
An on-device diagnostic platform used via a browser. Installs a SSH server on the device for UWP remote deployment as well as Windows Device Portal.
Enabling Developer Mode will attempt to auto-install this Feature on Demand. On devices that are WSUS-managed, this auto-install will likely fail due to WSUS blocking FOD packages by default. If this Feature on Demand is not successfully installed, device discovery and Device Portal can’t be enabled, preventing remote deployment to the device.
Recommendation: In general, don’t preinstall on devices. If you are building an image for «developer edition» devices, where the primary market for the device is developers or users who plan on developing or testing UWPs, consider preinstalling.
Used for Direct3D application development. It is typically installed by AAA game engine developers, enterprise graphics software developers, or niche hobbyists.
Recommendation: Don’t install. This Feature on Demand is only needed by specific users who can trigger installation through Visual Studio when certain optional packages are chosen at install.
This Feature on Demand enables automated testing of Microsoft Edge and WWA’s or WebView controls. This was previously available as a separate download.
Recommendation: In general, don’t preinstall on devices. If you are building an image for «developer edition» devices, where the primary market for the device is developers or users who plan on testing websites in Microsoft Edge or web content in UWPs, consider preinstalling.
MSIX Packaging tool driver monitors the environment to capture the changes that an application installer is making on the system to allow MSIX Packaging Tool to repackage the installer as MSIX package.
This Feature on Demand adds Notepad, enabling plain text documents and source code files to be instantly viewed, edited, and searched.
On Windows Insider Preview Build 21337 and later versions, Notepad is a preinstalled app which is updated through the Microsoft Store. On images where the Notepad app is preinstalled, the Notepad (system) Feature on Demand is used instead of the Notepad Feature on Demand.
On Windows 10, version 2004, this Feature on Demand is preinstalled.
This Feature on Demand adds the classic Microsoft Paint and OLE 2.0 functionality.
On Windows Insider Preview Build 21354 and later versions, Paint is a preinstalled app which is updated through the Microsoft Store. On images where the Paint app is preinstalled, the Paint Feature on Demand is not available.
On Windows 10, version 2004, this Feature on Demand is preinstalled.
These Features on Demand are for devices running Windows Server as a Print Server role which supports Azure AD joined devices. If this FOD is not installed, then a Windows Server acting as a Print Server will only support the printing needs of traditional domain joined devices. Azure AD joined devices will not be able to discover corporate printers.
Recommendation: Only preinstall the Features on Demand on Windows Server devices running as a Print Server role.
Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows 10 lets IT administrators manage Windows Server from a remote computer running the full release version of Windows 10.
Recommendation: OEMs shouldn’t preinstall these Features on Demand.
Feature: Active Directory Domain Services and Lightweight Directory Services Tools
Description: For remotely managing AD DS and AD LDS on Windows Server
This Feature on Demand enables advanced storage capabilities. To add Windows Storage Management, you have to add both FODs to an image.
Recommendation: In general, OEMs shouldn’t preinstall this FOD. OEMs and IT pros can consider preinstalling this FOD when they are building a PC that requires advanced storage capabilities.
Feature: Windows Storage Management
Description: Windows Storage Management allows you to manage a wide range of storage configurations, from single-disk desktops to external storage arrays.
Sample package name: Windows Storage Management allows you to manage a wide range of storage configurations, from single-disk desktops to external storage arrays.
This Feature on Demand adds Snipping Tool for taking and annotating screenshots.
On Windows Insider Preview Build 21354 and later versions, Snipping Tool is a preinstalled app which is updated through the Microsoft Store. On images where the Snipping Tool app is preinstalled, the Snipping Tool Feature on Demand is not available.
