Введение

Windows Cache Extension для PHP — это кеширующий модуль, позволяющий увеличить скорость работы PHP-приложений на Windows и Windows Server. Как только вы включаете Windows Cache Extension и он загружается движком PHP, приложения начинают получать все его преимущества без необходимости менять их код.

Модуль включает 5 различных типов кешей. Далее рассказывается про назначение и преимущества каждого типа кеша.

PHP Opcode Cache — PHP является скриптовым языком, который читает входящий поток данных, содержащий текст и/или инструкции языка и выдаёт новый поток данных, обычно в формате HTML. Т.е. на стороне веб-сервера, PHP читает, разбирает, компилирует и запускает PHP-скрипт каждый раз, когда его запрашивает клиент. Чтение, разбор и компиляция создают дополнительную нагрузку на процессорные ядра и файловую систему сервера, что сказывается на конечной производительности приложения. Кеширование байт-кода (опкода) PHP позволяет держать уже скомпилированный код в разделяемой памяти и использовать его при следующих запросах к тому же скрипту.

Поддержка кеширования опкодов была удалена в Wincache 2.0.0 . Так что если она вам нужна, то следует использовать модуль OPcache, который был включён в PHP начиная с PHP 5.5.0.

File Cache — даже если включено кеширование опкодов, PHP всё равно обращается к файлам на файловой системе. Когда PHP-скрипт размещён в удалённой файловой папке, файловые операции значительно снижают производительность. Windows Cache Extension включает файловое кеширование, которое используется для сохранения контента скриптов в разделяемой памяти, что сильно сокращает количество операций доступа к файловой системе для PHP.

Resolve File Path Cache — скрипты PHP довольно часто включают или оперируют файлами, используя относительные пути. Каждый такой путь сначала нормализуется PHP до абсолютного пути. Когда приложение использует большое количество файлов и обращается к ним по относительным путям, операции выведения абсолютных путей могут негативно сказаться на производительности. Модуль Windows Cache Extension предоставляет инструмент кеширования Resolve File Path, который используется для сохранения сопоставления относительных и абсолютных файловых путей, позволяя снизить количество операций их выведения.

User Cache (доступно с версии 1.1.0) — скрипты PHP могут получить преимущества кеширования в разделяемой памяти посредством API пользовательского кеширования. Объекты и переменные PHP могут быть сохранены в пользовательском кеше и переиспользованы в последующих запросах. Это может как повысить производительность приложения, так и разделить данные между несколькими процессами PHP.

Session Handler (доступно с версии 1.1.0) — обработчик сессий WinCache может быть использован для сохранения данных сессии в кеше в разделяемой памяти. Это позволяет избежать дисковых операций при записи и чтении данных сессии, что может сильно увеличить производительность, если таких данных много.

Use the Windows Cache Extension for PHP

Introduction

The Windows Cache Extension for PHP is a PHP accelerator that is used to significantly increase the speed of PHP applications running on the WindowsВ® operating system. Any PHP application can take advantage of the functionality provided by the Windows Cache Extension for PHP without any code modifications. All that is required is that the extension is enabled and loaded by the PHP engine.

The Windows Cache Extension includes three different types of caches:

• PHP Opcode Cache
  PHP is a script processing engine that reads an input stream of data that contains text and/or PHP instructions and produces another stream of data, most commonly in the HTML format. This means that on a Web server, the PHP engine reads, parses, compiles, and executes a PHP script each time that it is requested by a Web client. The reading, parsing, and compilation operations put additional load on the Web server’s CPU and file system and thus affect the overall performance of a PHP Web application. The PHP bytecode (opcode) cache is used to store the compiled script bytecode in shared memory so that it can be reused by the PHP engine for subsequent executions of the same script.
• File Cache
  Even with the PHP bytecode cache enabled, the PHP engine has to accesses the script files on a file system. When PHP scripts are stored on a remote universal naming convention (UNC) file share, the file operations introduce a significant performance overhead. The Windows Cache Extension for PHP includes a file cache that is used to store the content of the PHP script files in shared memory, which reduces the amount of file system operations performed by PHP engine.
• Relative File Path Cache
  PHP scripts very often include or operate with files by using relative file paths. Every relative file path has to be converted to an absolute file path by the PHP engine. When a PHP application uses many PHP files and accesses them by relative paths, the operation of resolving relative paths to absolute paths may have a negative impact on the application’s performance. The Windows Cache Extension for PHP provides a relative file path cache, which is used to store the mappings between relative and absolute file paths, thereby reducing the number of relative path resolutions that the PHP engine has to perform.

Install the Windows Cache Extension for PHP

There are two packages for the extension: one package is for PHP versions 5.2.X, and the other package is for PHP 5.3.X. Make sure that you use the appropriate package for your version of PHP.

The extension packages can be found at:

Unpack the package that is appropriate for the PHP version you are using.

Copy the Php_wincache.dll file into the PHP extensions folder. Typically this folder is called «ext» and it is located in the same folder with all PHP binary files. For example:

Using a text editor, open the Php.ini file, which is usually located in the same folder where all PHP binary files are. For example:

Add the following line at the end of the Php.ini file:

Save and close the Php.ini file.

Recycle your Internet Information Services (IIS) application pools for PHP to pick up the configuration changes.

To check that the extension has been enabled, create a file called phpinfo.php with the following PHP code that calls phpinfo() function:

Save the Phpinfo.php file in the root folder of an IIS Web site that uses PHP.

Open a browser and make a request to http://yoursitename/phpinfo.php .

Search within the returned Web page for a section called «wincache». If the extension is enabled, then you should see the configuration settings provided by the Windows Cache Extension for PHP.

Do not forget to remove the Phpinfo.php file from the Web site’s root folder after you have confirmed that extension has been enabled.

Compatibility Notes

The extension is supported only on the following configurations:

Windows operating system:

• WindowsВ® XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) with IIS 5.1 and FastCGI Extension
• Windows ServerВ® 2003 with IIS 6.0 and FastCGI Extension
• Windows VistaВ® SP1 with IIS 7.0 and FastCGI Module
• Windows ServerВ® 2008 with IIS 7.0 and FastCGI Module
• WindowsВ® 7 with IIS 7 and FastCGI Module
• Windows ServerВ® 2008 R2 with IIS 7.0 and FastCGI Module

• PHP 5.2.X, Non-thread-safe build
• PHP 5.3 X86, Non-thread-safe VC9 build

The Windows Cache Extension can only be used when IIS is configured to run PHP via FastCGI.

Configuration Settings

The following table lists and describes the configuration settings provided by the Windows Cache Extension for PHP:

Table 1 : Configuration Settings

Setting	Default	Minimum	Maximum	Changeable	Description
wincache.fcenabled	1 (On)	0 (Off)	1 (On)	PHP_INI_ALL	Enables or disables the file cache functionality.
wincache.fcachesize	24	5	85	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines the maximum memory size (in megabytes) that is allocated for the file cache. If the total size of all the cached files exceeds the value specified in this setting, then most stale files will be removed from the file cache.
wincache.maxfilesize	256	10	2048	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines the maximum allowed size (in kilobytes) for a single file to be cached. If a file size exceeds the specified value, the file will not be cached. This setting applies to the file cache only.
wincache.ocenabled	1 (On)	0 (Off)	1 (On)	PHP_INI_ALL	Enables or disables the opcode cache functionality
wincache.ocachesize	96	15	255	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines the maximum memory size (in megabytes) that is allocated for the opcode cache. If the cached opcode size exceeds the specified value, then most stale opcode will be removed from the cache. Note that the opcode cache size must be at least 3 times bigger than file cache size. If that is not the case the opcode cache size will be automatically increased.
wincache.filecount	4096	1024	16384	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines how many files are expected to be cached by the extension, so that appropriate memory size is allocated at the startup time. If the number of files exceeds the specified value, the Windows Cache Extension for PHP will re-allocate more memory as needed.
wincache.chkinterval	30	2	300	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines how often (in seconds) the Windows Cache Extension for PHP checks for file changes in order to refresh the cache.
wincache.ttlmax	1200	60	7200	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines the maximum time to live (in seconds) for a cached entry without being used.
wincache.ignorelist	no value	no value	no value	PHP_INI_ALL	Defines a list of files that should not be cached by the Windows Cache Extension for PHP. The files list is specified by using file names only, separated by the pipe symbol — «|». For example: wincache.ignorelist = «index.php|misc.php|admin.php»
wincache.namesalt	no value	no value	no value	PHP_INI_SYSTEM	Defines a string that will be used when naming the cached objects that are stored in shared memory. This is used to avoid conflicts that may be caused if other applications within an IIS worker process try to access shared memory.

Configure FastCGI for Optimal Performance

The FastCGI module in IIS has a configuration setting maxInstances that controls the number of concurrently running Php-cgi.exe processes that IIS creates to process PHP requests. To achieve optimal performance, it is recommended that you fine tune this setting for your specific environment, starting with 8–10 instances per CPU core (for example, maxInstances=32 for a quad-core CPU).

The Windows Cache Extension for PHP caches the compiled PHP opcode in the shared memory, which helps to avoid redoing of such CPU intensive operations as parsing and compiling of the PHP source code. This means that when Windows Cache Extension for PHP is enabled, fewer CPU cycles are required for a Web server to process PHP requests. Because of that, the previously configured value for the FastCGI maxInstances setting may not be adequate to load the server’s CPU completely, and it may be necessary to increase the value further.

To increase the maxInstances value on IIS 7, run this command from an elevated command prompt:

Replace the fullPath with the path to Php-cgi.exe on your server.

Alternatively, you can edit the section of the ApplicationHost.config file located at C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config\ folder:

To increase the maxInstances value on IIS 5.1 and IIS 6.0 run this command:

Replace the section name if necessary.

Alternatively, you can edit the Fcgiext.ini file located at C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\ folder:

When you measure the performance of the Windows Cache Extension for PHP, make sure to monitor the CPU usage. If you see that the CPU is not fully utilized, try increasing the FastCGI maxInstances setting to get better performance.

Extension Functions

The Windows Cache Extension for PHP provides several functions that can be called from a PHP script to return extension-specific information about the cache internals. These functions are listed below:

Table 2: Extension Functions

Function Name	Description	Return Values
array wincache_fcache_fileinfo()	Retrieves information about files cached in the file cache	An array of cached files and metadata or FALSE on failure
array wincache_fcache_meminfo()	Retrieves information about file cache memory usage	An array of data about memory usage or FALSE on failure
array wincache_ocache_fileinfo()	Retrieves information about files cached in the opcode cache	An array of cached files and metadata or FALSE on failure
array wincache_ocache_meminfo()	Retrieves information about memory usage by the opcode cache	An array of data about memory usage or FALSE on failure
array wincache_rplist_fileinfo()	Retrieves information about cached mappings between relative file paths and corresponding absolute file paths	An array of cached relative file paths or FALSE on failure
array wincache_rplist_meminfo()	Retrieves information about memory usage by the relative file path cache	An array of data about memory usage or FALSE on failure
array wincache_refresh_if_changed()	Refreshes the cache entries for the files, whose names were passed in the input argument. If no argument is specified then refreshes all the entries in the cache	Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure

Example: Obtain Cache Information

To retrieve information about entries in the file cache, use the following code:

This will produce output similar to the following:

Example: Refresh a Cache Entry

Windows Cache Extension for PHP performs regular checks on the cached files to ensure that if any file has changed, then the corresponding entry in the cache is updated. By default, this check is performed every 30 seconds. For example, suppose you have a PHP script that updates another PHP script that stores application configuration settings. After the new configuration settings have been saved to a file, the application might still use the old settings until the cache is refreshed. It would be preferable to refresh the cache right after the file has been changed.

The following example shows how you can refresh a cache entry:

Use the Windows Cache Extension for PHP Statistics Script

The installation package for Windows Cache Extension 1.0 for PHP includes a PHP script, wincache.php, that can be used to obtain cache information and statistics.

If the Windows Cache Extension for PHP was installed via Web Platform Installer, then this script is located in %SystemDrive%\Program Files\IIS\Windows Cache for PHP\ . On a 64-bit version of the Windows Server operating system, the script is located in %SystemDrive%\Program Files (x86)\IIS\Windows Cache for PHP. If the extension was installed manually, then the Wincache.php will be located in the same folder from which the content of the installation package was extracted.

To use Wincache.php, copy it into a root folder of your Web site or into any subfolder. To protect the script, open it in any text editor and change the values for the USERNAME and PASSWORD constants. If any other IIS authentication is enabled on the server then follow the instructions in the comments:

Always protect the wincache.php script by using either the built-in authentication or the server’s authentication mechanism. Leaving this script unprotected may compromise the security of your web application and web server.

This article updates: «Using Windows Cache Extension for PHP» by Ruslan Yakushev, published on October, 2009.