- Start or stop Windows service from command line (CMD)
- start start
- Синтаксис Syntax
- Параметры Parameters
- Комментарии Remarks
- Примеры Examples
- start
- Syntax
- Parameters
- Remarks
- Examples
- START
- Start — run in parallel
- Start /Wait
- START vs CALL
- Run a program
- Multiprocessor systems
- Running executable (.EXE) files
- Command Extensions
- Errorlevels
Start or stop Windows service from command line (CMD)
We normally use Services.msc to start or stop or disable or enable any service. We can do the same from windows command line also using net and sc utilities. Below are commands for controlling the operation of a service.
Command to stop a service:
To start a service:
You need to have administrator privileges to run net start/stop commands. If you are just a normal user on the computer, you would get an error like below.
To disable a service:
To enable a service:
To make a service start automatically with system boot:
Note: Space is mandatory after ‘=’ in the above sc commands.
This SC command works on a Windows 7 machine and also on the down-level editions of Windows i.e Windows XP/2003 and Windows Vista. Again, if you do not have administrator previliges you would get the below error.
Note that the service name is not the display name of a service. Each service is given a unique identification name which can be used with net or sc commands. For example, Remote procedure call (RPC) is the display name of the service. But the service name we need to use in the above commands is RpcSs.
So to start Remote procedure call service the command is:
These service names are listed below for each service. The first column shows the display name of a service and the second column shows the service name that should be used in net start or net stop or sc config commands.
start start
Запускает отдельное окно командной строки для запуска указанной программы или команды. Starts a separate Command Prompt window to run a specified program or command.
Синтаксис Syntax
Параметры Parameters
| Параметр Parameter | Описание Description |
|---|---|
| Задает заголовок, отображаемый в строке заголовка окна командной строки . Specifies the title to display in the Command Prompt window title bar. | |
| /d |
. ]]
Комментарии Remarks
Вы можете запускать неисполняемые файлы с помощью сопоставления файлов, вводя имя файла в виде команды. You can run non-executable files through their file association by typing the name of the file as a command.
При выполнении команды, содержащей строку CMD в качестве первого маркера без квалификатора расширения или пути, команда CMD заменяется значением переменной COMSPEC. If you run a command that contains the string CMD as the first token without an extension or path qualifier, CMD is replaced with the value of the COMSPEC variable. Это не позволяет пользователям выбирать cmd из текущего каталога. This prevents users from picking up cmd from the current directory.
Если вы запускаете приложение с 32-битным графическим пользовательским интерфейсом (GUI), программа cmd не ждет завершения работы приложения, прежде чем вернуться в командную строку. If you run a 32-bit graphical user interface (GUI) application, cmd does not wait for the application to quit before returning to the command prompt. Такое поведение не происходит при запуске приложения из командного скрипта. This behavior does not occur if you run the application from a command script.
При выполнении команды, использующей первый токен, который не содержит расширение, Cmd.exe использует значение переменной среды ПАСЕКСТ, чтобы определить, какие расширения следует искать и в каком порядке. If you run a command that uses a first token that does not contain an extension, Cmd.exe uses the value of the PATHEXT environment variable to determine which extensions to look for and in what order. Значение по умолчанию для переменной ПАСЕКСТ: The default value for the PATHEXT variable is:
Обратите внимание, что синтаксис аналогичен переменной PATH с точкой с запятой (;) Отделение каждого расширения. Note that the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with semicolons (;) separating each extension.
При поиске исполняемого файла, если нет совпадения с каким-либо расширением, запустите проверку, чтобы проверить, совпадает ли имя с именем каталога. When searching for an executable file, if there is no match on any extension, start checks to see if the name matches a directory name. Если это так, то Start открывает Explorer.exe по этому пути. If it does, start opens Explorer.exe on that path.
Примеры Examples
Чтобы запустить программу MyApp из командной строки и использовать текущее окно командной строки , введите: To start the Myapp program at the command prompt and retain use of the current Command Prompt window, type:
Чтобы просмотреть раздел справки по командной строке в отдельном окне командной строки с развернутым окном, введите: To view the start command-line help topic in a separate maximized Command Prompt window, type:
start
Starts a separate Command Prompt window to run a specified program or command.
Syntax
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Specifies the title to display in the Command Prompt window title bar. | |
| /d |
. ]]
Remarks
You can run non-executable files through their file association by typing the name of the file as a command.
If you run a command that contains the string CMD as the first token without an extension or path qualifier, CMD is replaced with the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents users from picking up cmd from the current directory.
If you run a 32-bit graphical user interface (GUI) application, cmd does not wait for the application to quit before returning to the command prompt. This behavior does not occur if you run the application from a command script.
If you run a command that uses a first token that does not contain an extension, Cmd.exe uses the value of the PATHEXT environment variable to determine which extensions to look for and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable is:
Note that the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with semicolons (;) separating each extension.
When searching for an executable file, if there is no match on any extension, start checks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, start opens Explorer.exe on that path.
Examples
To start the Myapp program at the command prompt and retain use of the current Command Prompt window, type:
To view the start command-line help topic in a separate maximized Command Prompt window, type:
START
Start a program, command or batch script, opens in a new window.
Always include a TITLE this can be a simple string like «My Script» or just a pair of empty quotes «»
According to the Microsoft documentation, the title is optional, but depending on the other options chosen you can have problems if it is omitted.
If command is an internal cmd command or a batch file then the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe. This means that the window will remain after the command has been run.
In a batch script, a START command without /wait will run the program and just continue, so a script containing nothing but a START command will close the CMD console and leave the new program running.
Document files can be invoked through their file association just by typing the name of the file as a command.
e.g. START «» MarchReport.DOC will launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension and load the document.
To minimise any chance of the wrong exectuable being run, specify the full path to command or at a minimum include the file extension: START «» notepad.exe
If you START an application without a file extension (for example WinWord instead of WinWord.exe) then the PATHEXT environment variable will be read to determine which file extensions to search for and in what order.
The default value for the PATHEXT variable is: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD
Start — run in parallel
The default behaviour of START is to instantiate a new process that runs in parallel with the main process. For arcane technical reasons, this does not work for some types of executable, in those cases the process will act as a blocker, pausing the main script until it’s complete.
In practice you just need to test it and see how it behaves.
Often you can work around this issue by creating a one line batch script ( runme.cmd ) to launch the executable, and then call that script with START runme.cmd
Start /Wait
The /WAIT option should reverse the default ‘run in parallel’ behaviour of START but again your results will vary depending on the item being started, for example:
The above will start the calculator and wait before continuing. However if you replace calc.exe with Winword.exe , to run Word instead, then the /wait will stop working, this is because Winword.exe is a stub which launches the main Word application and then exits.
A similar problem will occur when starting a batch file, by default START will run the equivalent of CMD /K which opens a second command window and leaves it open. In most cases you will want the batch script to complete and then just close it’s CMD console to resume the initial batch script. This can be done by explicitly running CMD /C .
Add /B to have everything run in a single window.
In a batch file, an alternative is to use TIMEOUT to delay processing of individual commands.
START vs CALL
Starting a new process with CALL, is very similar to running START /wait , in both cases the calling script will (usually) pause until the second script has completed.
Starting a new process with CALL, will run in the same shell environment as the calling script. For a GUI application this makes no difference, but a second ‘called’ batch file will be able to change variables and pass those changes back to the caller.
In comparison START will instantiate a new CMD.exe shell for the called batch. This will inherit variables from the calling shell, but any variable changes will be discarded when the second script ends.
Run a program
To start a new program (not a batch script), you don’t have to use CALL or START , just enter the path/file to be executed, either on the command line or within a batch script. This will behave as follows:
- On the command line, CMD.EXE does not wait for the application to terminate and control immediately returns to the command prompt.
- Running a program from within a batch script, CMD.EXE will pause the initial script and wait for the application to terminate before continuing.
- If you run one batch script from another without using either CALL or START , then the first script is terminated and the second one takes over.
Multiprocessor systems
Processor affinity is assigned as a hex number but calculated from the binary positions (similar to NODRIVES)
Hex Binary Processors
1 00000001 Proc 1
3 00000011 Proc 1+2
7 00000111 Proc 1+2+3
C 00001100 Proc 3+4 etc
start /NODE 1 app1.exe
start /NODE 1 app2.exe
These two processes can be further constrained to run on specific processors within the same NUMA node.
In the following example, app1 runs on the low-order two processors of the node, while app2 runs on the next two processors of the node. This example assumes the specified node has at least four logical processors. Note that the node number can be changed to any valid node number for that computer without having to change the affinity mask.
start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0x3 app1.exe
start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0xc app2.exe
Running executable (.EXE) files
When a file that contains a .exe header, is invoked from a CMD prompt or batch file (with or without START), it will be opened as an executable file. The filename extension does not have to be .EXE. The file header of executable files start with the ‘magic sequence’ of ASCII characters ‘MZ’ (0x4D, 0x5A) The ‘MZ’ being the initials of Mark Zibowski, a Microsoft employee at the time the file format was designed.
Command Extensions
If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocation through the command line or the START command changes as follows:
Non-executable files can be invoked through their file association just by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension). This is based on the setting in HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\FileExts\.ext\OpenWithList , or if that is not specified, then the file associations — see ASSOC and FTYPE.
When executing a command line whose first token is the string CMD without an extension or path qualifier, then CMD is replaced with the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE from the current directory.
When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the COMSPEC environment variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE from the current directory.
When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT environment variable to determine which extensions to look for and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable is: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with semicolons separating the different elements.
When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension, then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, the START command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from the command line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path.
Errorlevels
If the command is successfully started ERRORLEVEL =unchanged , typically this will be 0 but if a previous command set an errorlevel, that will be preserved (this is a bug).
If the command fails to start then ERRORLEVEL = 9059
START /WAIT batch_file — will return the ERRORLEVEL specified by EXIT
Run a minimised Login script:
START «My Login Script» /Min Login.cmd
Start a program and wait for it to complete before continuing:
START «» /wait autocad.exe
Open a file with a particular program :
START «» «C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Winword.exe» «D:\Docs\demo.txt»
Open Windows Explorer and list the files in the current folder (.) :
C:\any\old\directory> START .
Open a webpage in the default browser, note the protocol is required (https://)
START https://ss64.com
Open a webpage in Microsoft Edge:
%windir%\explorer.exe microsoft-edge:https://ss64.com
Connect to a new printer: (this will setup the print connection/driver )
START \\print_server\printer_name
