Файл формата exe: чем открыть, описание, особенности

EXE – распространенный файловый формат еще со времен ОС MS-DOS. Рассмотрим, что это за файлы, их наз.

EXE – распространенный файловый формат еще со времен ОС MS-DOS. Рассмотрим, что это за файлы, их назначение и задачи, какими программами запускаются, на что обратить внимание при работе с ними.

Часто встречающийся файловый формат – EXE. Помогает запустить установку программ на компьютер. Как открыть файл EXE в разных операционных системах, просмотреть или отредактировать содержимое – рассмотрим подробнее.

Формат EXE

EXE применяется для названия файлов-исполнителей. Это сокращение английского «executable files» – исполняемый файл. Используется в операционных системах Microsoft Windows, MS-DOS. Его задача – запуск инсталляции (деинсталляции) софта на устройство. Для этого в нем записан сценарий и код, которые запустят процесс.

В файле EXE находятся:

• Стартовый блок установки.
• Данные для загрузчика файла.
• Ресурсы программы – графические, медиа-элементы в сжатом виде.
• Формы объектов – иконки программ, листы.

При открытии файла запускается автоматический процесс распаковки компонентов папки с приложением или загрузочного диска. Типичные примеры файлов .EXE – Setup.exe, Install.exe. Они входят в состав разных программ: игр, офисных и графических редакторов, других.

Файл может быть закодирован и сжат архиватором в самораспаковывающийся архив. Инсталляция проводится в ту же директорию или в указанную пользователем.

Создание файлов .EXE

Формат разработан в 1981 году для ОС MS-DOS. Пришел на смену формату .COM. Преимуществом было отсутствие ограничений и полноценное использование адресного пространства ЭВМ. Модернизации в формате происходили по мере появления новых компьютеров IBM PC с виртуальной памятью, новыми режимами переадресации и расширенной функциональностью. Обновленный и расширенный, формат по-прежнему применяется в современных Microsoft Windows.

Открываем EXE расширение

На персональном компьютере с ОС Microsoft Windows затруднений при открытии файла не возникает (об исключениях ниже). Сложности будут, если у пользователя Linux, Mac OS или мобильное устройство. Частый вопрос – как открыть EXE файл для редактирования или просмотра. Разбираемся по порядку.

На компьютере

Как открыть файл .EXE зависит от операционной системы устройства. Если это версии ОС Microsoft Windows, то сложностей быть не должно – под эту ОС файлы и разрабатывались. В основном они запускаются автоматически, для просмотра содержимого можно применить ряд утилит. Сложнее задача решить на ОС Linux или Mac. Но и тут выходы есть. Разберем подробней.

ОС Microsoft Windows 7

Для запуска применяем двойной щелчок манипулятора. Файл начнет устанавливаться и распаковываться (если это архив). Для просмотра содержимого без инсталляции подойдут утилиты Windows:

• 7Zip – утилита для сжатия данных. Нужный файл выбирается при помощи пункта меню архиватора.
• VMware ThinApp – софт для просмотра и переноса программ на другие платформы.
• Microsoft Visual Studio – программа для разработки приложений.
• IcoFX – утилита для просмотра, изменения значков из файловых ресурсов.

Для редактирования файлов .EXE подойдет Resource Hacker и аналогичные программы. Это редактор с функцией доступа в исполнительные файлы (.EXE, .DLL) для просмотра и замены в них данных.

ОС Microsoft Windows 10

Программы и принцип применения аналогичны, описанным выше. Сложность может быть в некорректном редактировании реестра Windows. Поможет модификация конфигурационного Reg-файла. Для него скачивается архив, соответствующий версии ОС Microsoft Windows, он распаковывается и после перезагрузки ПК файл .EXE должен открываться.

ОС Mac

На ПК с этими ОС напрямую открыть и запустить файл с форматом .EXE невозможно. Потребуются программы-эмуляторы, которые запустят Windows и ее приложения на ОС Mac:

Windows приложения работают с эмуляторами без сбоев, для переключения на установленную на компьютере ОС не нужно перезагружать ПК.

ОС Linux

Как и ОС Мас напрямую из Linux открыть .EXE не удастся. Применяются программы-эмуляторы Windows, указанные выше. После запуска виртуального сеанса Windows, файл будет открыт.

ОС Android

Как открыть EXE файл на Андроиде при том, что формат не предназначен для работы с ним? Структура и состав файлов EXE другой, прямой запуск невозможен. Есть два способа открыть файл:

• При помощи удаленного доступа.
• С программой-эмулятором Microsoft Windows.

Второй вариант проще. К таким утилитам относятся: BOCHS, Limbo, QEMU и другие. Принцип действий идентичен: скачать и установить приложение на мобильное устройство, запустить утилиту.

Возможные проблемы с файлами .EXE

Стоит быть внимательными при открытии файлов этого типа – они могут содержать в себе вирусное программное обеспечение. Получив файл от неизвестного отправителя, скачав с непроверенного источника, не стоит открывать его и запускать инсталляцию.

Файлы .EXE могут не работать, если рассчитаны на другую версию ОС Windows. Решение – в разделе «Свойства» файла зайти в пункт «Совместимость» и вручную изменить версию ОС. Не в 100% случаев, но такие действия помогают.

Если при запуске файла .EXE выдается сообщение об ошибке или действий нет, причиной могут быть настройки реестра Windows. При их изменении файл откроется.

Property Reference

This section lists the properties defined by Windows Installer:

Additional properties can be specified by authored data or custom actions. Properties with names containing no lowercase letters are public properties and can be specified on the command line.

For information about values of the Uninstall registry key that are provided by installer properties, see Uninstall Registry Key.

Component Location Properties

The following list provides links to more information about the component location properties.

Property	Description
OriginalDatabase	The installer sets this property to the launched-from database, the database on the source, or the cached database.
ParentOriginalDatabase	The installer sets this property for installations run by a Concurrent Installation action.
SourceDir	Root directory that contains the source files.
TARGETDIR	Specifies the root destination directory for the installation. During an administrative installation this property is the location to copy the installation package.

Configuration Properties

The following list provides links to more information about other configurable properties.

Property	Description
ACTION	Initial action called after the installer is initialized.
ALLUSERS	Determines where configuration information is stored.
ARPAUTHORIZEDCDFPREFIX	URL of the update channel for an application.
ARPCOMMENTS	Provides Comments for the Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel.
ARPCONTACT	Provides Contact for the Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel.
ARPINSTALLLOCATION	Fully qualified path to the primary folder of an application.
ARPNOMODIFY	Disables functionality that modifies a product.
ARPNOREMOVE	Disables functionality that removes a product.
ARPNOREPAIR	Disables the Repair button in the Programs wizard.
ARPPRODUCTICON	Specifies the primary icon for the installation package.
ARPREADME	Provides a ReadMe for the Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel.
ARPSIZE	Estimated size of an application in kilobytes.
ARPSYSTEMCOMPONENT	Prevents display of an application in the Add or Remove Programs list.
ARPURLINFOABOUT	URL for the home page of an application.
ARPURLUPDATEINFO	URL for application update information.
AVAILABLEFREEREG	Registry space (in kilobytes) that an application requires. Used by AllocateRegistrySpace action.
CCP_DRIVE	The root path for qualifying products for CCP.
DefaultUIFont	Default font style used for controls.
DISABLEADVTSHORTCUTS	Set to disable the generation the specific shortcuts that support installation-on-demand.
DISABLEMEDIA	Prevents the installer from registering media sources, such as a CD-ROMs, as valid sources for the product.
DISABLEROLLBACK	Disables rollback for the current configuration.
EXECUTEACTION	Top-level action that ExecuteAction initiates.
EXECUTEMODE	Mode of execution that the installer performs.
FASTOEM	Improves installation performance under specific OEM scenarios.
INSTALLLEVEL	Initial level where features are installed.
LIMITUI	UI level capped as Basic.
LOGACTION	List of action names to be logged.
MEDIAPACKAGEPATH	This property must be set to the relative path if the installation package is not located at the root of the CD-ROM.
MSIARPSETTINGSIDENTIFIER	This optional property contains a semi-colon delimited list of the registry locations where the application stores a user’s settings and preferences. Available with Windows Installer 4.0.
MSIDISABLEEEUI	Disable the embedded user interface for the installation. Windows Installer 4.0 and earlier: Not supported.
MSIFASTINSTALL	Reduce the time required to install a large Windows Installer package. Windows Installer 4.5 and earlier: Not supported.
MSIINSTALLPERUSER	Requests that the Windows Installer install the package only for the current user. Windows Installer 4.5 and earlier: Not supported.
MSINODISABLEMEDIA	Set this property to prevent the installer from setting the DISABLEMEDIA property.
MSIENFORCEUPGRADECOMPONENTRULES	Set this property to 1 (one) on the command line or in the Property Table to apply the upgrade component rules during small updates and minor upgrades of a specific product. Available beginning with Windows Installer 3.0.
MSIUNINSTALLSUPERSEDEDCOMPONENTS	When this property has been set to 1, the installer can unregister and uninstall redundant components to prevent leaving behind orphan components on the computer. Windows Installer 4.0 and earlier: Not supported.
PRIMARYFOLDER	Allows the author to designate a primary folder for an installation. Used to determine the values for the PrimaryVolumePath, PrimaryVolumeSpaceAvailable, PrimaryVolumeSpaceRequired, and PrimaryVolumeSpaceRemaining properties.
Privileged	Runs an installation with elevated privileges.
PROMPTROLLBACKCOST	Action if there is insufficient disk space for the installation.
REBOOT	Forces or suppresses a restart.
REBOOTPROMPT	Suppresses the display of prompts for restarts to the user. Any restarts that are needed happen automatically.
ROOTDRIVE	Default drive for an installation.
SEQUENCE	A table that has the sequence table schema.
SHORTFILENAMES	Causes short file names to be used.
TRANSFORMS	List of transforms to be applied to a database.
TRANSFORMSATSOURCE	Informs the installer that the transforms for a product reside at the source.
TRANSFORMSSECURE	Setting the TRANSFORMSECURE property to 1 (one) informs the installer that transforms are to be cached locally on the user computer in a location where the user does not have write access.
MsiLogFileLocation	The installer sets the value of this property to the full path of the log file, when logging has been enabled. This property is available starting with Windows Installer 4.0.
MsiLogging	Sets the default logging mode for the Windows Installer package. This property is available starting with Windows Installer 4.0.
MSIUSEREALADMINDETECTION	Set this property to 1 to request that the installer use actual user information when setting the AdminUser property. This property is available starting with Windows Installer 4.0.

Date, Time Properties

The Date and Time properties are live properties that the installer sets when data is extracted.

Property	Description
Date	The current date.
Time	The current time.

Feature Installation Options Properties

The following list provides links to more information about the feature installation options properties.

Property	Description
ADDDEFAULT	List of features to be installed in the default configuration.
ADDLOCAL	List of features to be installed locally.
ADDSOURCE	List of features to be run from source.
ADVERTISE	List of features to be advertised.
COMPADDDEFAULT	List of components to be installed in the default configuration.
COMPADDLOCAL	List of component IDs to be installed locally.
COMPADDSOURCE	List of component IDs to run from source media.
FILEADDDEFAULT	List of file keys for files to be installed in the default configuration.
FILEADDLOCAL	List of file keys for files to be run locally.
FILEADDSOURCE	List of file keys to be run from the source media.
MSIDISABLELUAPATCHING	Setting this property prevents Least Privileged User (LUA) patching of an application.
MsiPatchRemovalList	List of patches to be removed during the installation.
MSIRESTARTMANAGERCONTROL	Specifies whether the package uses the Restart Manager or FilesInUse functionality.
MSIDISABLERMRESTART	Specifies how applications or services that are currently using files affected by an update should be shutdown and restarted to enable the installation of the update.
MSIRMSHUTDOWN	Specifies how applications or services that are currently using files affected by an update should be shutdown to enable the installation of the update.
MSIPATCHREMOVE	Setting this property removes patches.
PATCH	Setting this property applies a patch.
REINSTALL	List of features to be reinstalled.
REINSTALLMODE	A string that contains letters that specify the type of reinstall to perform.
REMOVE	List of features to be removed.

Hardware Properties

The following list identifies the hardware properties that the Windows Installer sets at startup.

Property	Description
Alpha	The numeric processor level when running on an Alpha processor. [!Note] This property is obsolete, the Alpha platform is not supported by Windows Installer.
BorderSide	The width of the window borders, in pixels.
BorderTop	The height of the window borders, in pixels.
CaptionHeight	The height of normal caption area, in pixels.
ColorBits	The number of adjacent color bits for each pixel.
Intel	The numeric processor level when running on an Intel processor.
Intel64	The numeric processor level when running on an Itanium processor.
Msix64	The numeric processor level when running on an x64 processor.
PhysicalMemory	The size of the installed RAM, in megabytes.
ScreenX	The width of the screen, in pixels.
ScreenY	The height of the screen, in pixels.
TextHeight	The height of characters, in logical units.
VirtualMemory	The amount of available page file space, in megabytes.

Installation Status Properties

The following list provides links to more information about status properties that are updated by the installer during installation.

Property	Description
AFTERREBOOT	Indicates current installation follows a reboot that the ForceReboot action invokes.
CostingComplete	Indicates whether disk space costing is complete.
Installed	Indicates that a product is already installed.
MSICHECKCRCS	The Installer does a CRC on files only if the MSICHECKCRCS property is set.
MsiRestartManagerSessionKey	The Installer sets this property to the session key for the Restart Manager session.
MsiRunningElevated	The Installer sets the value of this property to 1 when the installer is running with elevated privileges.
MsiSystemRebootPending	The Installer sets this property to 1 if a restart of the operating system is currently pending.
MsiUIHideCancel	The Installer sets MsiUIHideCancel to 1 when the internal install level includes INSTALLUILEVEL_HIDECANCEL.
MsiUIProgressOnly	The Installer sets MsiUIProgressOnly to 1 when the internal install level includes INSTALLUILEVEL_PROGRESSONLY.
MsiUISourceResOnly	MsiUISourceResOnly to 1 (one) when the internal install level includes INSTALLUILEVEL_SOURCERESONLY.
NOCOMPANYNAME	Suppresses the automatic setting of the COMPANYNAME property.
NOUSERNAME	Suppresses the automatic setting of the USERNAME property.
OutOfDiskSpace	Insufficient disk space to accommodate the installation.
OutOfNoRbDiskSpace	Insufficient disk space with rollback turned off.
Preselected	Features are already selected.
PrimaryVolumePath	The Installer sets the value of this property to the path of the volume that the PRIMARYFOLDER property designates.
PrimaryVolumeSpaceAvailable	The Installer sets the value of this property to a string that represents the total number of bytes available on the volume that the PrimaryVolumePath property references.
PrimaryVolumeSpaceRemaining	The Installer sets the value of this property to a string that represents the total number of bytes remaining on the volume that the PrimaryVolumePath property references if all the currently selected features are installed.
PrimaryVolumeSpaceRequired	The Installer sets the value of this property to a string that represents the total number of bytes required by all currently selected features on the volume that the PrimaryVolumePath property references.
ProductLanguage	Numeric language identifier (LANGID) for the database. (REQUIRED)
ReplacedInUseFiles	Set if the installer installs over a file that is being held in use.
RESUME	Resumed installation.
RollbackDisabled	The installer sets this property when rollback is disabled.
UILevel	Indicates the user interface level.
UpdateStarted	Set when changes to the system have begun for this installation.
UPGRADINGPRODUCTCODE	Set by the installer when an upgrade removes an application.
VersionMsi	The installer sets this property to the version of Windows Installer that is run during the installation.

Operating System Properties

The following list provides links to more information about operating system properties that the Installer sets at startup.

Property Name	Brief Description
AdminUser	Set on WindowsВ 2000 if the user has administrator privileges.
ComputerName	Computer name of the current system.
MsiNetAssemblySupport	On systems that support common language runtime assemblies, the Installer sets the value of this property to the file version of fusion.dll. The Installer does not set this property if the operating system does not support common language runtime assemblies.
MsiNTProductType	Indicates the Windows product type.
MsiNTSuiteBackOffice	On WindowsВ 2000 and later operating systems, the Installer sets this property to 1 (one) only if Microsoft BackOffice components are installed.
MsiNTSuiteDataCenter	On WindowsВ 2000 and later operating systems, the Installer sets this property to 1 (one) only if WindowsВ 2000 Datacenter Server is installed.
MsiNTSuiteEnterprise	On WindowsВ 2000 and later operating systems, the Installer sets this property to 1 (one) only if WindowsВ 2000 Advanced Server is installed.
MsiNTSuitePersonal	On WindowsВ XP and later operating systems, the Installer sets this property to 1 (one) only if the operating system is Home (not Professional).
MsiNTSuiteSmallBusiness	On WindowsВ 2000 and later operating systems, the Installer sets this property to 1 (one) only if Microsoft Small Business Server is installed.
MsiNTSuiteSmallBusinessRestricted	On WindowsВ 2000 and later operating systems, the Installer sets this property to 1 (one) only if Microsoft Small Business Server is installed with the restrictive client license.
MsiNTSuiteWebServer	On WindowsВ 2000 and later operating systems, the Installer sets the MsiNTSuiteWebServer property to 1 (one) if the web edition of the Windows ServerВ 2003 is installed. Only available with the Windows ServerВ 2003 release of the Windows Installer.
MsiTabletPC	The installer sets this property to a nonzero value if the current operating system is WindowsВ XP Tablet PC Edition.
MsiWin32AssemblySupport	On systems that support Win32 assemblies, the Installer sets the value of this property to the file version of sxs.dll. The Installer does not set this property if the operating system does not support Win32 assemblies.
OLEAdvtSupport	Set if OLE supports the Windows Installer.
RedirectedDllSupport	The Installer sets the RedirectedDllSupport property if the system performing the installation supports Isolated Components.
RemoteAdminTS	The Installer sets the RemoteAdminTS property when the system is a remote administration server running the Terminal Server role service.
ServicePackLevel	The version number of the operating system service pack.
ServicePackLevelMinor	The minor version number of the operating system service pack.
SharedWindows	Set when the system is operating as Shared Windows.
ShellAdvtSupport	Set if the shell supports feature advertising.
SystemLanguageID	Default language identifier for the system.
TerminalServer	Set when the system is a server running the Terminal Server role service.
TTCSupport	Indicates if the operating system supports using .ttc (true type font collections) files.
Version9X	Version number for the Windows operating system.
VersionDatabase	Numeric database version of the current installation.
VersionNT	Version number for the operating system.
VersionNT64	Version number for the operating system if the system is running on a 64-bit computer.
Windows build	Build number of the operating system.

Product Information Properties

The following list provides links to more information about product-specific properties specified in the Property Table.

Property Name	Brief Description
ARPHELPLINK	Internet address or URL for technical support.
ARPHELPTELEPHONE	Technical support phone numbers.
DiskPrompt	String displayed by a message box that prompts for a disk.
IsAdminPackage	Set to 1 (one) if the current installation is running from a package created through an administrative installation.
LeftUnit	Places units to the left of the number.
Manufacturer	Name of the application manufacturer. (Required)
MediaSourceDir	The installer sets this property to 1 (one) when the installation uses a media source, such as a CD-ROM.
MSIINSTANCEGUID	The presence of this property indicates that a product code changing transform is registered to the product.
MSINEWINSTANCE	This property indicates the installation of a new instance of a product with instance transforms.
ParentProductCode	The installer sets this property for installations that a Concurrent Installation action runs.
PIDTemplate	String used as a template for the PIDKEY property.
ProductCode	A unique identifier for a specific product release. (Required)
ProductName	Human readable name of an application. (Required)
ProductState	Set to the installed state of a product.
ProductVersion	String format of the product version as a numeric value. (Required)
UpgradeCode	A GUID that represents a related set of products.

Summary Information Update Properties

The following properties are only set by transforms in .msp files that are used to update the summary information stream of an administrative image.

Property	Description
PATCHNEWPACKAGECODE	The value of this property is written to the Revision Number Summary Property.
PATCHNEWSUMMARYCOMMENTS	The value of this property is written to the Comments Summary Property.
PATCHNEWSUMMARYSUBJECT	The value of this property is written to the Subject Summary Property.

System Folder Properties

The following list provides links to more information about system folders that the installer sets at setup.

Property	Description
AdminToolsFolder	The full path to the directory that contains administrative tools.
AppDataFolder	The full path to the Roaming folder for the current user.
CommonAppDataFolder	The full path to application data for all users.
CommonFiles64Folder	The full path to the predefined 64-bit Common Files folder.
CommonFilesFolder	The full path to the Common Files folder for the current user.
DesktopFolder	The full path to the Desktop folder.
FavoritesFolder	The full path to the Favorites folder for the current user.
FontsFolder	The full path to the Fonts folder.
LocalAppDataFolder	The full path to the folder that contains local (nonroaming) applications.
MyPicturesFolder	The full path to the Pictures folder.
NetHoodFolder	The full path to the NetHood folder.
PersonalFolder	The full path to the Documents folder for the current user.
PrintHoodFolder	The full path to the PrintHood folder.
ProgramFiles64Folder	The full path to the predefined 64-bit Program Files folder.
ProgramFilesFolder	The full path to the predefined 32-bit Program Files folder.
ProgramMenuFolder	The full path to the Program Menu folder.
RecentFolder	The full path to the Recent folder.
SendToFolder	The full path to the SendTo folder for the current user.
StartMenuFolder	The full path to the Start menu folder.
StartupFolder	The full path to the Startup folder.
System16Folder	The full path to folder for 16-bit system DLLs.
System64Folder	The full path to the predefined System64 folder.
SystemFolder	The full path to the System folder for the current user.
TempFolder	The full path to the Temp folder.
TemplateFolder	The full path to the Template folder for the current user.
WindowsFolder	The full path to the Windows folder.
WindowsVolume	The volume of the Windows folder.

User Information Properties

The following list provides links to more information about user-supplied information.