Непонятка с FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY

Моей программе нужно найти все файлы в заданном каталоге, для этого я ищу их очень просто с помощью FindFirstFile и т.д. при нахождении каталога функция должна-бы была залесть в ету папку и искать дальше. Для проверке на каталог я использую if(w32fd.dwFileAttributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY), но это уловий почему-то не выполняется, а w32fd.dwFileAttributes принимает значение 48(десятичное).
Все это под 2000.

В чем-же глюк? Если кто знает более лучший способ поиска, то напишите.
[email]Matush2002@Mail.ru[/email]

1 ответ

void PrintDir(char *parm)
<
WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData;
HANDLE hFind;

char buffer[MAX_PATH];
char path[MAX_PATH];

strcpy(path, parm);
strcat(path, «*.*»);

do
<
//Интересный момент — может я и дурак но он находит еще папку «.»
//это сама папка parm,
//и «..» это родительская папка, если убрать условие то рекурсия зациклится
if (!strcmp(FindFileData.cFileName, «.») || !strcmp(FindFileData.cFileName, «..»))
continue;

//тут в условии именно & а не == потому как FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY это флаг

if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
<
strcpy(buffer, parm);
strcat(buffer, FindFileData.cFileName);
printf(«%s\n», buffer);
strcat(buffer, «\\»);
PrintDir(buffer);
>
else
<
strcpy(buffer, parm);
strcat(buffer, FindFileData.cFileName);
printf(«%s\n», buffer);
>
>while(FindNextFile(hFind, &FindFileData));

FindClose(hFind);
>
З.Ы. может можно лучше и проще.

Windows file attributes directory

We use digital files every day, but it’s relatively rare we need to recognize the attributes of a digital file. This article is all about understanding File Attributes in Windows.

You might for example have wondered how the Windows operating system differentiates files that are visible from those that are hidden. Or let’s say a text editor program pops up an error message informing you the file is “read-only” when you’re trying to save changes to the file — you might ask yourself: how does the text editor know that the file is read-only? File Attributes tag files with additional information that Windows uses to act on.

Knowing a little about File Attributes will help you understand why certain things happen with files, and why certain things can’t happen if an attribute is defined in a certain way.

What are File Attributes and What are They Used For?

File attributes are pieces of information associated with every file and directory that includes additional data about the file itself or its contents. They can exist in only one of two states – Set or Cleared; like an On or Off state. Attributes can be in files, directories, volumes and certain system objects. They are used by the operating system and software applications to define file system behavior.

Listing of the Commonly Used Attributes

A byte stores the attributes of a file, with each specific attribute assigned to a bit of a byte. To enable a certain attribute, the system will assign a ‘one’ to the corresponding bit, which represents the ‘On’ state. (These are referred to as flagging or setting the attribute). A Windows operating system (Win32) stores the file attributes as 32-bit quantity, while the original MS-DOS file attributes only have 8 bits to store file attributes.

Below are the common attributes and the bits that represent them:

Not Content Indexed (I)

A file may have more than one attribute mapped to it by adding the bits to form the byte attribute. A read-only, hidden directory would have the attribute byte of 00010011, a result of the three attributes added together. Below are the descriptions of each attribute:

• Read-Only (R) : Read-Only attribute will prevent software programs from saving changes to a file. This is useful if you want to write protect a file. Note that a Read-Only file will not prevent it from being deleted.

• Hidden (H) : A file marked with the hidden attribute will be hidden from view under normal viewing conditions.

• System (S) : A file or directory used exclusively by the operating system which should not be altered or deleted.

• Directory (D) : This attribute is tagged to folders or sub-folders to differentiate them from files.

• Archive (A) : This bit is used by software applications that modify files as well as backup software as a “communication link”. Some PC backup software (for example SyncBackPro and SyncBackSE) allows incremental backups by the user, which only backs up files that have changed since the previous backup. When the backup software archives or backs up the file, it resets the archive bit (tagging it zero or Off). Any software that subsequently make changes to the file is expected to set the archive bit. Thus, when the backup software runs the next time, it will be able to identify the modified files by analyzing the archive bits, and backs up those files with the modified bits.

Note that certain programs may modify the files without marking the archive attribute. If the backup software uses incremental backups to backup these files, it will rely on the software to set the bit appropriately. It is therefore important to note that you should not rely solely on this setting to ensure critical files are backed up.

Not Content Indexed (I) : Windows has a search function which indexes all the files and directories in the drive in order to achieve faster results. By default, this attribute is not set, thereby allowing the operating system to include the file into the indexing list. A user could choose to opt out certain files by setting this attribute to On . When set, Windows will skip files that have this option checked.

How to View and Modify attributes?

There are a few ways to view and change attributes. Two of them are via the file or folder properties from Windows Explorer or using the ATTRIB command from MS-DOS prompt (type CMD command to bring up the DOS window).

Viewing Attributes from Windows Explorer

Right-clicking and selecting Properties on any file or folder in Windows Explorer will bring up the Properties window, which shows the attributes of the selected item.

Note: The extended attributes (compress and encrypt) will not be shown when you use the ATTRIB command. However, you can view these attributes by executing the Compact and Cipher commands, respectively.

Viewing Attributes from DOS prompt

To view attributes, you can type ATTRIB command from the DOS prompt.

Typing ATTRIB /? will bring up a list of all the syntax available to query a file.

To view what attributes are assigned to a file, type the following:

From here, we can see that the TEST.TXT file has the Archive, Hidden and Read-Only attribute enabled (A, H & R are shown).

Using the ATTRIB command allows a user to Set or Clear an attribute of a file. For the above example, if we wish to remove the attribute of Hide and Read-Only from the file, we could type:

ATTRIB -H -R C:\FOLDER\TEST.TXT

The example above shows that the hidden and Read-Only attribute have been removed from TEST.TXT.

Conclusion

This article has hopefully helped you understand a little more about Windows file attributes. Being familiar with file attributes will help you better understand how the file system works in a Windows environment. You could use this knowledge to your advantage by selecting the Fast Backup (scanning the Archive Attribute) option in SyncBackSE and SyncBackPro to greatly reduce the time needed for each backup, thereby increasing your productivity and freeing up your system resources for other tasks.

SetFileAttributesW function (fileapi.h)

Sets the attributes for a file or directory.

To perform this operation as a transacted operation, use the SetFileAttributesTransacted function.

Syntax

Parameters

The name of the file whose attributes are to be set.

In the ANSI version of this function, the name is limited to MAX_PATH characters. To extend this limit to 32,767 wide characters, call the Unicode version of the function (SetFileAttributesW) and prepend «\\?\» to the path. For more information, see File Names, Paths, and Namespaces.

The file attributes to set for the file.

This parameter can be one or more values, combined using the bitwise-OR operator. However, all other values override FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL.

Not all attributes are supported by this function. For more information, see the Remarks section.

The following is a list of supported attribute values.

Value	Meaning
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE 32 (0x20)	A file or directory that is an archive file or directory. Applications typically use this attribute to mark files for backup or removal.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN 2 (0x2)	The file or directory is hidden. It is not included in an ordinary directory listing.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL 128 (0x80)	A file that does not have other attributes set. This attribute is valid only when used alone.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED 8192 (0x2000)	The file or directory is not to be indexed by the content indexing service.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE 4096 (0x1000)	The data of a file is not available immediately. This attribute indicates that the file data is physically moved to offline storage. This attribute is used by Remote Storage, which is the hierarchical storage management software. Applications should not arbitrarily change this attribute.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY 1 (0x1)	A file that is read-only. Applications can read the file, but cannot write to it or delete it. This attribute is not honored on directories. For more information, see «You cannot view or change the Read-only or the System attributes of folders in Windows ServerВ 2003, in WindowsВ XP, or in WindowsВ Vista.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM 4 (0x4)	A file or directory that the operating system uses a part of, or uses exclusively.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY 256 (0x100)	A file that is being used for temporary storage. File systems avoid writing data back to mass storage if sufficient cache memory is available, because typically, an application deletes a temporary file after the handle is closed. In that scenario, the system can entirely avoid writing the data. Otherwise, the data is written after the handle is closed.

Return value

If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.

If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Remarks

The following table describes how to set the attributes that cannot be set using SetFileAttributes. For a complete list of all file attribute values and their descriptions, see File Attribute Constants.

Attribute	How to Set
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED	To set a file’s compression state, use the DeviceIoControl function with the FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION operation.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE	Reserved; do not use.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY	Files cannot be converted into directories. To create a directory, use the CreateDirectory or CreateDirectoryEx function.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED	To create an encrypted file, use the CreateFile function with the FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED attribute. To convert an existing file into an encrypted file, use the EncryptFile function.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT	To associate a reparse point with a file or directory, use the DeviceIoControl function with the FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT operation.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE	To set a file’s sparse attribute, use the DeviceIoControl function with the FSCTL_SET_SPARSE operation.

В

Transacted Operations

In WindowsВ 8 and Windows ServerВ 2012, this function is supported by the following technologies.

Technology	Supported
Server Message Block (SMB) 3.0 protocol	Yes
SMB 3.0 Transparent Failover (TFO)	Yes
SMB 3.0 with Scale-out File Shares (SO)	Yes
Cluster Shared Volume File System (CsvFS)	Yes
Resilient File System (ReFS)	Yes

В

Examples

The fileapi.h header defines SetFileAttributes as an alias which automatically selects the ANSI or Unicode version of this function based on the definition of the UNICODE preprocessor constant. Mixing usage of the encoding-neutral alias with code that not encoding-neutral can lead to mismatches that result in compilation or runtime errors. For more information, see Conventions for Function Prototypes.

File Attributes Перечисление

Определение

Предоставляет атрибуты для файлов и каталогов. Provides attributes for files and directories.

Это перечисление имеет атрибут FlagsAttribute, который разрешает побитовое сочетание значений его элементов.

Этот файл помечается для включения в операцию добавочного резервного копирования. This file is marked to be included in incremental backup operation. Windows устанавливает этот атрибут при каждом изменении файла, и программному обеспечению резервного копирования нужно снимать его при обработке файла в рамках добавочного резервного копирования. Windows sets this attribute whenever the file is modified, and backup software should clear it when processing the file during incremental backup.

Файл сжат. The file is compressed.

Зарезервировано для будущего использования. Reserved for future use.

Файл является каталогом. The file is a directory. Directory поддерживается в Windows, Linux и macOS. Directory is supported on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Файл или каталог зашифрован. The file or directory is encrypted. Для файла это означает, что все данные в файле зашифрованы. For a file, this means that all data in the file is encrypted. Для каталога это означает, что шифрование производится по умолчанию для вновь создаваемых файлов и каталогов. For a directory, this means that encryption is the default for newly created files and directories.

Файл скрытый и, таким образом, не включается в обычный список каталога. The file is hidden, and thus is not included in an ordinary directory listing. Hidden поддерживается в Windows, Linux и macOS. Hidden is supported on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Файл или каталог включает поддержку целостности данных. The file or directory includes data integrity support. Когда это значение применяется к файлу, все потоки данных в этом файле имеют поддержку целостности. When this value is applied to a file, all data streams in the file have integrity support. Когда это значение применяется к каталогу, все новые файлы и подкаталоги этого каталога по умолчанию включают поддержку целостности. When this value is applied to a directory, all new files and subdirectories within that directory, by default, include integrity support.

Файл является стандартным файлом без специальных атрибутов. The file is a standard file that has no special attributes. Этот атрибут действителен, только если он используется отдельно. This attribute is valid only if it is used alone. Normal поддерживается в Windows, Linux и macOS. Normal is supported on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Файл или каталог исключен из проверки целостности данных. The file or directory is excluded from the data integrity scan. Когда это значение применяется к каталогу, по умолчанию для всех новых файлов и подкаталогов этого каталога поддержка целостности исключается. When this value is applied to a directory, by default, all new files and subdirectories within that directory are excluded from data integrity.

Файл не будет индексироваться службой индексирования содержимого операционной системы. The file will not be indexed by the operating system’s content indexing service.

Файл находится в автономном режиме. The file is offline. Данные этого файла недоступны непосредственно. The data of the file is not immediately available.

Файл доступен только для чтения. The file is read-only. ReadOnly поддерживается в Windows, Linux и macOS. ReadOnly is supported on Windows, Linux, and macOS. В Linux и macOS изменение флага ReadOnly — это операция с разрешениями. On Linux and macOS, changing the ReadOnly flag is a permissions operation.

Файл содержит точку повторной обработки, блокирующую определяемые пользователем данные, связанные с файлом или каталогом. The file contains a reparse point, which is a block of user-defined data associated with a file or a directory. ReparsePoint поддерживается в Windows, Linux и macOS. ReparsePoint is supported on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Файл является разреженным. The file is a sparse file. Разреженными файлами обычно являются большие файлы, в которых содержатся в основном нулевые данные. Sparse files are typically large files whose data consists of mostly zeros.

Файл является системным. The file is a system file. То есть файл является частью операционной системы или используется исключительно операционной системой. That is, the file is part of the operating system or is used exclusively by the operating system.

Файл является временным. The file is temporary. Временный файл содержит данные, необходимые во время выполнения приложения, но не требуемые после завершения приложения. A temporary file contains data that is needed while an application is executing but is not needed after the application is finished. Файловые системы для ускорения доступа стремятся держать все данные в памяти, а не сбрасывать их обратно на запоминающее устройство. File systems try to keep all the data in memory for quicker access rather than flushing the data back to mass storage. Приложение должно стереть временный файл сразу после того, как он перестанет быть нужным. A temporary file should be deleted by the application as soon as it is no longer needed.

Примеры

В следующем примере показано, как получить атрибуты для файла и проверить, доступен ли файл только для чтения. The following example shows how to retrieve the attributes for a file and check if the file is read-only.

Комментарии

Вы можете получить атрибуты для файлов и каталогов, вызвав File.GetAttributes метод, и вы можете задать их, вызвав File.SetAttributes метод. You can get attributes for files and directories by calling the File.GetAttributes method, and you can set them by calling the File.SetAttributes method.

Невозможно изменить состояние сжатия File объекта с помощью File.SetAttributes метода. It is not possible to change the compression status of a File object by using the File.SetAttributes method. Вместо этого необходимо сжать файл с помощью средства сжатия или одного из классов в System.IO.Compression пространстве имен. Instead, you must actually compress the file using either a compression tool or one of the classes in the System.IO.Compression namespace.

Следующие атрибуты не поддерживаются .NET Core в Linux и macOS: The following attributes are not supported by .NET Core on Linux and macOS: