OPERATING SYSTEMS. An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities. — презентация

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Презентация на тему: » OPERATING SYSTEMS. An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities.» — Транскрипт:

2 An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer that acts as a host for computing application run on the machine.

3 Examples of operating systems:

4 Microsoft Windows (OS) Windows 7 Ultimate Desktop Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems that originated as an add-on to the older MS-DOS operating system for the IBM- PC.

5 Mac OS X Mac OS X Snow Leopard Desktop Mac OS X is a line of partially proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. Mac OS X Mac OS X Snow Leopard Desktop Mac OS X is a line of partially proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers.

6 Ken Thompson wrote B, mainly based on BCPL, which he used to write Unix, based on his experience in the MULTICS project.

7 Google Chrome Google Chrome OS Desktop Google Chrome OS is an open-source-operating system designed by Google to work exclusively with web applications.. Google Chrome Google Chrome OS Desktop Google Chrome OS is an open-source-operating system designed by Google to work exclusively with web applications..

8 Plan 9 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas Mcllrov at Bell Labs designed and developed the C programming language to build the operating system Unix. Plan 9 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas Mcllrov at Bell Labs designed and developed the C programming language to build the operating system Unix.

Operating System.

Published byGabriella Ackert Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: «Operating System.»— Presentation transcript:

2 Lecture Schedule Week 1: Week 2 : Process Management
Introduction to Operating Systems, Computer System Structures, Operating System Structures Week 2 : Process Management Processes and Threads, CPU Scheduling Week 3: Process Management CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization Week 4: Process Management Process Synchronization Week 5: Process Management Deadlocks

3 Course Schedule Week 6 — Storage Management
Midterm exam, Memory Management Week 7 — Storage Management Memory Mangement, Virtual Memory Week 8 — I/O Systems Virtual Memory, Filesystem Interface, Week 9 — Other topics FileSystems Implementation, I/O subsystems Week 10 — Other topics Case study – UNIX, WindowsNT, course revision and summary.

4 Architecture of Computer System
Hardware Operating System (OS) Programming Language (e.g. PASCAL) Application Programs (e.g. WORD, EXCEL)

5 Detail Layered View of Computer

6 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs
System Software- Performs essential operation tasks Operating system Utility programs Application Software — Performs specific tasks for users Business application Communications application Multimedia application Entertainment and educational software Driver Programs (Device Driver) small program that allows a specific input or output device to communicate with the rest of the computer system

7 3 type of programs user / application programs system programs
programs used by the users to perform a task system programs an interface between user and computer driver programs communicate I/O devices with computer

8 Hierarchy of computer software

9 Program Hierarchy User 1 User 2 User 3 User n .
electronic computer text editor database system spreadsheet game Operating System Computer Hardware

10 Operating System a collection of programs which control the resources of a computer system written in low-level languages (i.e. machine-dependent) an interface between the users and the hardware when the computer is on, OS will first load into the main memory

11 Basic functions of the operating system
Device configuration Controls peripheral devices connected to the computer File management Transfers files between main memory and secondary storage, manages file folders, allocates the secondary storage space, and provides file protection and recovery Operating System Memory management Allocates the use of random access memory (RAM) to requesting processes Interface platform Allows the computer to run other applications

12 Other function of Operating System
best use of the computer resources provide a background for user’s programs to execute display and deal with errors when it happens control the selection and operation of the peripherals act as a communication link between users system protection

13 Common Operating Systems and Their Differences
Network Operating System UNIX / Linux / MS Windows2000 Server Desktop Operating System MS Windows 9X/Me / Mac OS / DOS Mobile Operating System Palm OS and Pocket PC

14 Examples Common operating systems WINDOW UNIX VAX/VMS
used in IBM compatible microcomputers UNIX multi-user, multi-tasking OS used in minicomputers and microcomputers VAX/VMS used in DEC’s VAX series of minicomputers

17 Different Types of Operating System

18 Disk Operating System (DOS)
a part of operating system to control disk operation 2 parts small system data keep track of key information of the disk data area where data file is stored

19 SMALL SYSTEM AREA in DOS
3 parts boot/boot record i.e. a short program for loading DOS into computer’s memory file allocation table (FAT) i.e. record the status of each part of the disk and keep track of all data root directory i.e. record the filename, size of the file , date and time

20 Good Operating System efficient small in size reliable
time spent to execute its programs should be short small in size memory occupied should be as small as possible reliable

21 Type of Operating System
Batch processing Real time processing Time sharing processing

22 Batch processing Jobs, together with input data, are fed into the system in a batch. The jobs are then run one after another. No job can be started until previous job is completed

23 Real time processing immediate response is needed. For example
anti-missile defense system airplane landing control system interrupt error in computer system

24 Time sharing processing
Each user is given a time slice to interact with the CPU. The size of the time slice will depend on the system. Each user is served in sequence.

26 Special Features of OS multi-tasking multi-programming
parallel processing buffering spooling

27 Multi-tasking to handle 2 or more programs at the same time from a single user ‘s perception CPU can only perform one task at a time, however, it runs so fast that 2 or more jobs seem to execute at the same time

28 Multi-programming 2 or more programs store in the main memory at the same time when one job reeds to wait (e.g. I/O operation), CPU switch to another job to execute when the first job finishes waiting, CPU will get back the first job to execute

29 Parallel Processing use 2 or more CPUs to handle jobs
computer networking without multiprocessing with multiprocessing Job 4 Job 3 Job 4 Job 2 time Job 3 time Job 1 Job 1 Job 2 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 1

30 Buffering a temporary storage area (buffers) to read data from input device or send data to the output device keep CPU busy because I/O operation is slow

31 Spooling a larger buffer from hard disk
buffer store the data through I/O operation because I/O operation is slow and CPU operation is fast

Windows Operating system

Published byRussell Washington Modified over 5 years ago

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Presentation on theme: «Windows Operating system»— Presentation transcript:

1 Windows Operating system

2 Windows OS Is a series of software operating system and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Had approximately 91% of the market share of the client operating systems for usage in the internet.

3 First introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces.

4 History of Windows OS Microsoft Windows was announced November 10, 1983. Microsoft Windows 1.0 is introduced in November 20, 1985. Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released December 9, 1987. Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 is introduced December 9, 1987.

5 Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 is introduced June, 1988
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released May, Microsoft Windows 3.0 full version Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with IBM, Microsoft changes the name of OS/2 to Windows NT.

6 Microsoft Windows 3. 0 or Windows. 3
Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released October, 1991. Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells more than 1 Million copies within the first two months of its release.

7 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992.
Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993. The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25 Million. Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994. Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995. Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than 1 Million copies within 4 days.

8 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.
Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released November, Microsoft Windows CE 2.0 was released November, Microsoft Windows 98 was released June, 1998. Microsoft Windows CE 2.1 was released July, 1998 In October of 1998 Microsoft announced that future releases of Windows NT would no longer have the initials of NT and that the next edition would be Windows 2000.

9 Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released May 5, 1999.
Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 was released 1999. On January 4th at CES Bill Gates announces the new version of Windows CE will be called Pocket PC. Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) released June 19, Microsoft Windows XP is released October 25, 2001. Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2002) for Itanium systems is released March 28, 2003.

10 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, 2003.
Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for Itanium 2 systems is released on March 28, 2003. Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition is released on December 18, 2003. Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition is released on October 12, 2004. Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is released on April 24, 2005. Microsoft announces it’s next operating system, codenamed «Longhorn» will be named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005.

11 Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista to corporations on November 30, 2006.
Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general public January 30, 2007. Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22,

12 Versions of Windows Operating System
Version 3.11WfW OS/2 1.0 OS/2 2.0 OS/2 2.1 NT 3.1 NT 3.5 OS/2 Warp Version 95 NT 4.0 Version 98 Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows XP SP 1 Windows XP SP 11 Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 Windows 7

13 Advantages Easy to Use Update Supporting Gaming Familiar

14 Disadvantages Expensive Not stable Not secure

15 Microsoft Windows 1.01 (1985) Logo – Notice the original Microsoft logo.
Microsoft changes their logo for an italicized and bold look Microsoft Windows 3.0 (1990) Logo Microsoft Windows 3.1 (1992) Logo

16 Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 (1993) Logo
Microsoft Windows 3.11 (1993) Logo Microsoft Windows 95 (1995) Logo Microsoft Windows 98 (1998) Logo Microsoft Windows ME (2000) Logo

17 Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional (2000) Logo
Microsoft Windows Longhorn Logo Microsoft Windows 2003 Logo Microsoft Windows XP (2001) Logo

18 October 22, 2009 Windows 7 Windows 7 is the current major release after Windows Vista and was planned for a three-year development timeframe. It was previously known by the code-names Blackcomb and Vienna. Qualifying for the «Certified for Windows Vista» program lets your customers know that your products provide a high quality Windows Vista experience. When customers see the logo displayed online and on your products, it helps them instantly recognize that your products have met a high standard of reliability, security, and compatibility

19 or malicious program can cause corruption
or malicious program can cause corruption. Advantages: DOAS is very lightweight and it allows direct access to most hardware. It does not have the overhead of a multitasking operating system. Disadvantages: It is 16-bit and limited to 640k of RAM (this can be overcome with a DOS extender) It runs in real mode, so a buggy

20 Advantages Disadvantages Light easily available
Its a Single User OS (One User can Work at a time) Its a Single Tasking OS (One application can run at a time) It does not supports Graphics It does not supports Networking We can only make 2GB of Maximum partition as it supports only FAT 16.

Software — Operating Systems

Published byJoseph Stokes Modified over 2 years ago

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Presentation on theme: «Software — Operating Systems»— Presentation transcript:

1 Software — Operating Systems
Year 11 Computer Science Software — Operating Systems

2 Operating Systems — Starter Activity
Windows 10 is an example of an Operating System. What other “OS’s” can you think of? What do all Operating Systems have in common? Which is the best Operating System, in your opinion?

3 Operating Systems Mac OS X Linux Windows Android iOS

4 Computer Systems — Hardware and Software
Computer Systems consist of both hardware and software. Software is the set of programs that run on a computer system. There are two types of software: System Software Application Software These are “apps” or programs that do particular jobs for us, such as: Microsoft Word (to create documents) iTunes (allows us to play music) IDLE (allows us to create Python programs) This is software that enables us to use the computer and application software, by providing a user interface and tools to manage the hardware. This includes Operating Systems and Utility software, such as Antivirus software

5 What is an Operating System?
The Operating System (or ‘OS’) is the main software that controls the general operation of a computer, and provides an easy way for us to interact with computers and run applications. Examples include Microsoft Windows 10, Microsoft Windows 7, Mac OS, and LINUX, which are all used on computers. Android and iOS are examples of operating systems used on SmartPhones.

6 What are the main functions of an Operating System?
The main functions of an operating system include: User interface — provides a user interface so it is easy for users interact with the computer multi-tasking — allows multiple applications to run at the same time via a process called scheduling memory management — transfers programs into and out of memory, allocates free space between programs provides device drivers — which allow a computer to communicate with peripheral devices, such as a printer. organises — creates a file system to organise files and directories security — provides security through user accounts and passwords

7 User Interfaces An important feature of Operating Systems is to provide a user interface for the user to interact with the computer. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) is the most common type of interface and provides windows, icons, menus and pointers (WIMP)

8 GUI – Graphical User Interface
A GUI (Graphical User Interface) is the most common type of interface and provides windows, icons, menus and pointers (WIMP)

9 CLI – Command Line Interface
A command line interface (CLI) uses text based commands to carry out tasks. They are difficult to use as they require the user to know a range of commands. They are generally intended for expert users. They are extremely fast as they do not require much processing power.

10 Multi-Tasking / Scheduling
Multitasking is where you have more than one program open and running at the same time. They are not really running at the same time, the processor is allocating a small amount of time to each process. This happens so quickly, it feels as if they are running simultaneously.

11 Multitasking / Scheduling
The processor is actually executing instructions from each of these applications one after the other. It is happening so quickly, that it appears that they are running simultaneously. This is known as scheduling. Word Chrome Spotify The CPU is switching between applications over time

12 Multitasking – Scheduling (2)
Effectively, there is a queue of processes that are waiting to be executed by the processor. The Operating system switches between processes (applications). The Operating System can prioritize particular processes over another. Word Chrome Spotify The CPU is switching between applications over time

13 Memory Management The operating system also has to manage memory (RAM) carefully. When a program is loaded from the hard disk, the Operating System puts into a specific place in the RAM for access by the CPU. The Operating system will remove any programs that the user closes from memory locations in RAM.

14 What happens when memory (RAM) is full?
When memory is full (due to too many applications being open at the same time), the Operating system has a trick up its sleeve. It creates a section of virtual memory (virtual RAM) on your storage device (such as a hard drive). This means a section of your hard drive is used as RAM! This is known as virtual memory. CPU RAM Hard Drive

15 What happens when memory (RAM) is full?
A process called swapping/paging is the process the OS uses to move data between RAM and virtual memory. The OS moves data from processes that are not immediately needed out of the RAM and stores them in virtual memory. It copies the data back into RAM when the process is needed again. Using virtual memory slows the computer down because copying to a hard disk takes much longer than reading and writing RAM. CPU RAM Hard Drive

16 Device Drivers The Operating System provides device drivers.
Device drivers are small pieces of software that allow peripheral devices, such as printers to communicate with your computer. They translate OS instructions into commands that peripheral devices actually understand.

18 User Management Operating systems allow for different users to log into a computer with their own usernames and passwords. The OS will retain individual settings for each user, such as their icons, desktop backgrounds. Each user may have different access rights to files and programs.

19 File Management The Operating system provides a logical structure for file management. This means files can be organized into folders, and users can rename, delete or copy and move files around easily.