Python requests “certificate verify failed”
I’m maintaining a Python mini-app that uses requests + HTTPS.
The app worked until the IP address of the hostname in the HTTPS URL changed (legitimately). If I point my browser to the URL I can retrieve it fine.
Where does Python/requests keep the analog of ssh’s known_hosts and how do I clear it for this host?
3 Answers 3
You’re using an ancient version of requests. You’ll get a more helpful message if you upgrade to 2.0 and if your site has a certificate mismatch you may be able to fix it by specifying the system certificates which will be able to verify an intermediate certificate. You can also just have requests not verify your certificate as Andre suggested.
It turned out that during the server upgrade mentioned in the question an incorrectly-signed certificate was installed. HTTPS in the browser worked because of the root certificate differences between the Windows browser machine and Ubuntu Python client. HTTPS via a browser from the same Ubuntu machine on which Python was run revealed the certificate problem details.
The IP change had little to do with the problem except to confuse things.
Promoting my comment to an answer as:
- this answered my question
- this question is getting enough traffic I’d like to share the knowledge.
If the above doesn’t work, and you find out it is local, then this solution worked for me.
Windows: Python SSL certificate verify failed
I’ve installed Anaconda and had SSL problems when trying to do API calls via Jupyter Notebooks:
This first produced a SSL connection error. Which I could solve after extensive search and the help of our IT department. The solution here was to add the company root certificate to certifi cert storage.
Now for other requests unfortunately I still have the same problems. Example code calling the Google Analytics API with google2pandas package:
Here I still get the SSL error I had on the simple call before as well:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\ssl.py in _create(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session) 848 # non-blocking 849 raise ValueError(«do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets») —> 850 self.do_handshake() 851 except (OSError, ValueError): 852 self.close()
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\ssl.py in do_handshake(self, block)
1106 if timeout == 0.0 and block: 1107
self.settimeout(None) -> 1108 self._sslobj.do_handshake() 1109 finally: 1110 self.settimeout(timeout)
SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1045)
I believe there is another library in use, that doesn’t rely on certifi? But I don’t have any idea on where and how to add my root certificate, so all iPython requests will work.
Boto [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed while connecting to S3
I am trying to connect to S3 using boto, but it seems to fail. I’ve tried some workarounds, but they don’t seem to work. Can anyone please help me with this. Below is the code.
6 Answers 6
Probably your bucket name contains a dot, that’s why ssl certificate verification fails. This is quite a frequent problem, see this github issue for example.
Don’t use an insecure connection ( is_secure=False ), instead use OrdinaryCallingFormat :
You probably need to update your AWS Region, e.g. us-east-1
used is_secure=False in connect_s3() .
In boto3, if you are using the s3 client, use verify=False when creating the s3 client. For eg:
As mentioned on boto3 documentation, this only turns off validation of SSL certificates. SSL will still be used (unless use_ssl is False), but SSL certificates will not be verified.
I encounter this problem, too. My environment is Ubuntu 15.04, Python 2.7.9 and Boto 2.38.0.
Setting the argument validate_certs=False doesn’t make it work with the HTTPS connection without valid certificate. After reading the code of boto, I found that it’s a behavior of Python’s ssl modules. Then I found a solution here: «SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED» Error. And the solution does work.
macOS users: If you are using the Python 3.6 from the python.org binary installer linked on this page, please carefully read the Important Information displayed during installation; this information is also available after installation by clicking on /Applications/Python 3.6/ReadMe.rtf. There is important information there about changes in the 3.6.0 installer-supplied Python, particularly with regard to SSL certificate validation.
From ReadMe.rtf at the time of this writing:
Certificate verification and OpenSSL
NEW This variant of Python 3.6 now includes its own private copy of OpenSSL 1.0.2. Unlike previous releases, the deprecated Apple-supplied OpenSSL libraries are no longer used. This also means that the trust certificates in system and user keychains managed by the Keychain Access application and the security command line utility are no longer used as defaults by the Python ssl module. For 3.6.0, a sample command script is included in /Applications/Python 3.6 to install a curated bundle of default root certificates from the third-party certifi package (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certifi). If you choose to use certifi, you should consider subscribing to the project’s email update service to be notified when the certificate bundle is updated.
The bundled pip included with the Python 3.6 installer has its own default certificate store for verifying download connections.
