Английский язык для начинающих. Урок 16

Урок 16

Оборот there is (there are)

На этом уроке мы познакомимся с оборотом there is [?e?’riz] there are [?е?’га:].

Оборот there is (множественное число there are) употребляется для сообщения о том, что какой-то предмет или лицо находятся в определённом месте.

Внимательно прочитайте следующие русские предложения:

1. Моя ручка лежит на столе.

2. На столе лежит моя ручка.

И в первом, и во втором предложениях говорится о том, что предмет (ручка) находится в определённом месте (на столе).

Но в первом предложении прямой порядок слов: подлежащее (ручка) стоит перед сказуемым (лежит).

Подобные русские предложения переводятся на английский язык в том же порядке:

Моя ручка лежит на столе. — My pen is on the table.

А вот второе русское предложение может быть переведено на английский язык только с помощью оборота there is, потому что те русские предложения, которые сообщают о том, что какой-то предмет находится в определённом месте, и при этом начинаются с указания места, где находится предмет, переводятся на английский язык с помощью оборота there is (there are).

На столе лежит моя ручка. — There is my pen on the table.

Прочитайте несколько примеров.

Прямой порядок слов / Оборот there is (there are)

The book is on the table. — There is a book on the table.

Книга лежит на столе. — На столе лежит книга.

The books are on the table. — There are books on the table.

Книги лежат на столе. — На столе лежат книги.

А теперь поговорим подробнее о том, как строятся английские предложения с оборотом there is (there are).

Как видите, этот оборот состоит из слова there и глагола to be в форме is или are.

Основное значение слова there [‘?е?] — там. Но в обороте there is (there are) слово there утрачивает своё значение.

Вот смотрите, в предложении There is a lamp on the table (Ha столе стоит лампа) за словом there следует сказуемое is, затем подлежащее a lamp.

Как видите, если подлежащее выражено исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе, оно употребляется с неопределённым артиклем.

В конце предложения расположено обстоятельство места (отвечающее на вопрос где?) on the table.

Перед существительным, выражающим обстоятельство места, употребляется определённый артикль:

There is a table in the room. —В комнате стоит стол.

Если в предложении с оборотом there is (there are) есть несколько подлежащих, то глагол to be согласуется с первым из них:

There is a pen and books on the table. — На столе лежат ручка и книги.

There are books and a pen on the table. — На столе лежат книги и ручка.

Внимательно прочитайте следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на разницу в значении и в произношении следующих словосочетаний:

this is [‘?isiz] — there is [?e?’riz]

these are [?i:z’a:] — there are [?е?’га:]

1. У нас есть дом. Это наш дом. Возле дома большой парк.

We have a house. This is our house. There is a big park near the house.

park [ра:k] парк

near [ni?] около

2. У моего друга есть большой сад. Это его сад. В саду много старых деревьев.

My friend has a big garden. This is his garden. There are a lot of old trees in the garden.

garden [ga:dn] сад

a lot of [?’l?t’?v] много

old [ould] старый

a tree [tri:] дерево

3. У меня есть комната. Это моя комната. В комнате стоит стол и четыре стула.

I have a room. This is my room. There is a table and four chairs in the room.

Прочитайте ещё несколько предложений.

This is a doll. There is a doll on the sofa.

Это кукла. На диване (находится) кукла.

a doll [d?l] кукла

a sofa [‘souf?] диван

These are dolls. There are dolls on the sofa.

Это куклы. На диване (находятся) куклы.

Вопросительные предложения с оборотом there is (there are) образуются так: глагол is (are) ставится перед there.

Is there a pen on the table? — Yes, there is. — На столе лежит ручка? — Да, лежит.

Is there a book on the desk? — No, there is not. — На парте есть книга? — Нет.

a desk [desk] парта, письменный стол

Are there many trees in the park? — Yes, there are. — В парке много деревьев? — Да.

Are there pictures on the walls of your room? — No, there are not. — На стенах твоей комнаты висят картины? — Нет.

a picture [‘pikt??] картина

a wall [w?:l] стена

How many plates are there on the table? — There are four plates on the table. — Сколько тарелок на столе? — На столе четыре тарелки.

how? [hau] как?

how many — сколько (дословно: как много)

a plate [pleit] тарелка

How many pictures are there on the wall? — There are two pictures on the wall. — Сколько картин на стене? — На стене две картины.

How many pages are there in this book? — There are fifty pages in this book. — Сколько страниц в этой книге? — В этой книге пятьдесят страниц.

a page [peid?] страница

fifty [‘fifti] пятьдесят

Отрицательные предложения образуются при помощи отрицательного местоимения по, которое ставится непосредственно перед существительным:

There are no cups on the table. — На столе нет чашек.

There is no cup on the table. — На столе нет чашки.

О втором способе образования отрицательных предложений с оборотом there is (there are) поговорим на следующем уроке.

Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык.

1.The lamp is on the table. There is a lamp on the table. The lamps are on the table. There are lamps on the table. The pencil is in the pencil-case. There is a pencil in the pencil-case.

a pencil-case [‘penslkeis] пенал

The pencils are in the pencil-case. There are pencils in the pencil-case.

2. There is a sofa and two arm-chairs in the room.

an arm-chair [a:m’t?e?] кресло

There are two arm-chairs and a sofa in the room.

3. I have a big room. This is my room. There are two windows in my room.

a window [‘windou] окно

Our friends have a beautiful garden. It’s our friends’ garden. There are a lot of apple-trees in the garden.

an apple [?pl] яблоко

a tree [tri:] дерево

an apple-tree — яблоня

4. Is there a blackboard in the classroom? — Yes, there is. a blackboard [‘blaekbo:d] классная доска a classroom [‘kla:srum] класс Is there a sofa in your room? — No, there is not.

Are there books in your bag? — Yes, there are.

How many books are there in your bag? — There are five books in my bag.

How many people are there in the bus? — There are a lot of people in the bus.

people [pi:pl] люди, народ

a bus [b?s] автобус

Домашнее задание.

Переведите на английский язык.

1. На полке стоит книга.

a shelf [?elf] полка

2. На полке стоят книги.

3. Возле окна стоит стол и два стула.

4. На столе есть чашки? — Да.

5. В спальне есть телевизор? — Нет.

a bed [bed] кровать

a room [rum] комната

a bedroom [‘bedrum] спальня

а ТV set [ti:vi:’set] телевизор

6. Сколько чашек на столе? — На столе шесть чашек.

7. Сколько парт в вашем классе? — В нашем классе двадцать парт.

1. There is a book on the shelf.

2. There are books on the shelf.

3. There is a table and two chairs at the window.

4. Are there cups on the table? — Yes, there are.

5. Is there a TV set in the bedroom? — No, there is not.

6. How many cups are there on the table? — There are six cups on the table.

7. How many desks are there in your classroom? — There Eire twenty desks in our classroom.

В третьем предложении русское обстоятельство места возле окна мы перевели так: at the window. И это правильно. Но в данном предложении можно было бы использовать любой из следующих предлогов:

at the window = by the window = near the window.

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