Support Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012

Applies To: Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012

This section contains information to help IT professionals troubleshoot and resolve specific Windows Server 2012 system errors and events.

Microsoft troubleshooting resources

Top support solutions for Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012 This collection of top Microsoft Support solutions covers the most common issues experienced when using Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012.

Windows Server 2012 General Forum Participate in general discussions about Windows Server 2012.

Windows Server 2012 Setup Forum Discuss with other users the setup of Windows Server 2012.

Windows Server 2012 Test Lab Guides These test lab guides describe how to configure and demonstrate the new features and functionality in Windows ServerВ 2012В and Windows 8 in a simplified and standardized test lab environment.

Contact a Microsoft Support Professional Have a Microsoft technical support representative help you with a problem.

Additional troubleshooting resources

Best Practices Analyzer

Best Practices Analyzer3 In Windows management, best practices are guidelines that are considered the ideal way, under normal circumstances, to configure a server as defined by experts. Though best practice violations, even critical ones, are not necessarily problematic, they indicate server configurations that can result in poor performance, poor reliability, unexpected conflicts, increased security risks, or other potential problems.

Windows Server 2012 Understand and Troubleshoot Guides

The Windows Server 2012 Understand and Troubleshoot Guides (UTG) help IT administrators and architects develop awareness of key technical concepts, functionality, and troubleshooting techniques. This understanding enables a successful early adoption experience during the product evaluation phase. UTGs cover:

Server role or feature installation, configuration, and management tasks.

Component architecture and interaction.

Methodology for troubleshooting.

The UTGs do not provide deployment planning content.

These Understand and Troubleshoot Guides were written for Windows Server “8” Beta, but also apply to Windows Server 2012. The following UTGs are available:

Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 update history

Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Pro

Learn all about the security and non-security updates that are published for Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through Windows Update. These updates address issues and improve the overall reliability of the operating system.

Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 rollups (monthly rollups and security-only updates) are applicable by default to the following Windows 8.1 Industry-based embedded product:

Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise.

Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Pro.

If a rollup is not applicable to an embedded product, we will explicitly state that it is not applicable.

On the left side of this page, there is a reference to all of the updates that have been released for this version of Windows. We recommend installing all updates for Windows that are available for your device. Installing the most recent update means you get all of the previous updates, as well, including important security fixes.

Current status of Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2

For the most up-to-date information about Known Issues for Windows and Windows Server, please go to the Windows release health dashboard.

Notes and messages

General

IMPORTANT Starting in July 2020, all Windows Updates will disable the RemoteFX vGPU feature because of a security vulnerability. For more information about the vulnerability, seeCVE-2020-1036 and KB4570006. After you install this update, attempts to start virtual machines (VM) that have RemoteFX vGPU enabled will fail, and messages such as the following will appear:

If you re-enable RemoteFX vGPU, a message similar to the following will appear:

“The virtual machine cannot be started because all the RemoteFX-capable GPUs are disabled in Hyper-V Manager.”

“The virtual machine cannot be started because the server has insufficient GPU resources.”

Installing Windows Server 2012

Applies To: Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2

This document provides information about installing the Windows Server 2012 operating system, including any known issues that you may need to work around before starting an installation. It also provides information that you can use to troubleshoot problems that may occur during the installation. For information about serious known issues that you may need to work around after installation is complete, see the release notes, available at the same location as this document.

Setup works in several stages. You will be prompted for some basic information, and then Setup will copy files and restart the computer. Setup concludes by presenting a menu for Initial Configuration Tasks, which you can use to configure your server for your specific needs.

Preinstallation information

System requirements

The following are estimated system requirements for the Windows Server 2012. If your computer has less than the «minimum» requirements, you will not be able to install this product correctly. Actual requirements will vary based on your system configuration and the applications and features you install.

Processor

Processor performance depends not only on the clock frequency of the processor, but also on the number of processor cores and the size of the processor cache. The following are the processor requirements for this product:

• Minimum: 1.4В GHz 64-bit processor

The following are the estimated RAM requirements for this product:

• Minimum: 512 MB

Disk space requirements

The following are the estimated minimum disk space requirements for the system partition.

Minimum: 32 GB

Be aware that 32 GB should be considered an absolute minimum value for successful installation. The system partition will need extra space for any of the following circumstances: If you install the system over a network. Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM will require more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files.

Other requirements

You also need to have the following:

Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution monitor

Keyboard and MicrosoftВ® mouse (or other compatible pointing device)

Internet access (fees may apply)

Important information for x64-based operating systems

Ensure that you have updated and digitally signed kernel-mode drivers for Windows ServerВ 2012

If you install a Plug and Play device, you may receive a warning if the driver is not digitally signed. If you install an application that contains a driver that is not digitally signed, you will not receive an error during Setup. In both cases, Windows Server 2012 will not load the unsigned driver.

If you are not sure whether the driver is digitally signed, or if you are unable to boot into your computer after the installation, use the following procedure to disable the driver signature requirement. This procedure enables your computer to start correctly, and the unsigned driver will load successfully.

To disable the signature requirement for the current boot process:

Restart the computer and during startup, press F8.

Select Advanced Boot Options.

Select Disable Driver Signature Enforcement.

Boot into WindowsВ® and uninstall the unsigned driver.

Before you start Setup

Before you install Windows Server 2012, follow the steps in this section to prepare for the installation.

Disconnect UPS devices. If you have an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to your destination computer, disconnect the serial cable before running Setup. Setup automatically attempts to detect devices that are connected to serial ports, and UPS equipment can cause issues with the detection process.

Back up your servers. Your backup should include all data and configuration information that is necessary for the computer to function. It is important to perform a backup of configuration information for servers, especially those that provide network infrastructure, such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. When you perform the backup, be sure to include the boot and system partitions and the system state data. Another way to back up configuration information is to create a backup set for Automated System Recovery.

Disable your virus protection software. Virus protection software can interfere with installation. For example, it can make installation much slower by scanning every file that is copied locally to your computer.

Provide mass storage drivers. If your manufacturer has supplied a separate driver file, save the file to a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive in either the root directory of the media or the amd64 folder. To provide the driver during Setup, on the disk selection page, click Load Driver (or press F6). You can browse to locate the driver or have Setup search the media.

Be aware that Windows Firewall is on by default. Server applications that must receive unsolicited inbound connections will fail until you create inbound firewall rules to allow them. Check with your application vendor to determine which ports and protocols are necessary for the application to run correctly.

Supported upgrade paths

The table below briefly summarizes supported upgrade paths to Windows Server 2012. For more details on upgrade paths, important caveats to upgrade, and additional information about evaluation versions, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=260917.

If you do not see your current version in the left column, upgrading to this release of Windows Server 2012 is not supported.

If you see more than one edition in the right column, upgrade to either edition from the same starting version is supported.

If you are running:

You can upgrade to these editions:

Windows Server 2008 Standard with SP2 or Windows Server 2008 Enterprise with SP2

Windows Server 2012 Standard, Windows Server 2012 Datacenter

Windows Server 2008 Datacenter with SP2

Windows Server 2012 Datacenter

Windows Web Server 2008

Windows Server 2012 Standard

Windows ServerВ 2008В R2 Standard with SP1 or Windows ServerВ 2008В R2 Enterprise with SP1

Windows Server 2012 Standard, Windows Server 2012 Datacenter

Windows ServerВ 2008В R2 Datacenter with SP1

Windows Server 2012 Datacenter

Windows Web ServerВ 2008В R2

Windows Server 2012 Standard

Copyright

This document is provided “as-is”. Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, may change without notice.

This document does not provide you with any legal rights to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this document for your internal, reference purposes.

В©2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft, Active Directory, Hyper-V, MS-DOS, Windows, WindowsВ NT, Windows Server, and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

This product contains graphics filter software; this software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group.

All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.

Как обнаруживать, включать и отключать SMBv1, SMB и SMBv3 в Windows How to detect, enable and disable SMBv1, SMBv2, and SMBv3 in Windows

Область применения: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012 Applies to: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012

В этой статье описывается, как включить и отключить протокол SMB версии 1 (SMBv1), SMB версии 2 (SMB) и SMB версии 3 (SMBv3) на клиентских и серверных компонентах SMB. This article describes how to enable and disable Server Message Block (SMB) version 1 (SMBv1), SMB version 2 (SMBv2), and SMB version 3 (SMBv3) on the SMB client and server components.

Хотя отключение или удаление SMBv1 может вызвать некоторые проблемы совместимости со старыми компьютерами или программами, SMBv1 имеет существенные уязвимости, и мы настоятельно рекомендуем не использовать ее. While disabling or removing SMBv1 might cause some compatibility issues with old computers or software, SMBv1 has significant security vulnerabilities and we strongly encourage you not to use it.

Отключение SMB или SMBv3 для устранения неполадок Disabling SMBv2 or SMBv3 for troubleshooting

Хотя мы рекомендуем использовать протоколы SMB 2.0 и SMBv3, может оказаться полезным временно отключить их для устранения неполадок, как описано в статье Обнаружение состояния, включение и отключение протокола SMB на сервере SMB. While we recommend that you keep SMBv2 and SMBv3 enabled, you might find it useful to disable one temporarily for troubleshooting, as described in How to detect status, enable, and disable SMB protocols on the SMB Server.

В Windows 10, Windows 8.1 и Windows 8, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2 и Windows Server 2012 отключение SMBv3 деактивирует следующие функции (а также функции 2.0, описанные в предыдущем списке): In Windows 10, Windows 8.1, and Windows 8, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, and Windows Server 2012, disabling SMBv3 deactivates the following functionality (and also the SMBv2 functionality that’s described in the previous list):

• Прозрачная отработка отказа — клиенты повторно подключаются без прерывания узлов кластера во время обслуживания или отработки отказа Transparent Failover — clients reconnect without interruption to cluster nodes during maintenance or failover
• Scale Out — одновременный доступ к общим данным на всех узлах кластеров файлов Scale Out – concurrent access to shared data on all file cluster nodes
• Многоканальное агрегирование пропускной способности сети и отказоустойчивости при наличии нескольких путей между клиентом и сервером Multichannel — aggregation of network bandwidth and fault tolerance if multiple paths are available between client and server
• SMB Direct — добавляет поддержку сети RDMA для очень высокой производительности с низкой задержкой и низкой загрузкой ЦП. SMB Direct – adds RDMA networking support for very high performance, with low latency and low CPU utilization
• Шифрование — обеспечивает сквозное шифрование и защищает от перехвата в ненадежных сетях. Encryption – Provides end-to-end encryption and protects from eavesdropping on untrustworthy networks
• Аренда каталога — улучшает время отклика приложений в филиалах за счет кэширования Directory Leasing — Improves application response times in branch offices through caching
• Оптимизация производительности — оптимизация для небольшого случайного чтения и записи ввода-вывода Performance Optimizations — optimizations for small random read/write I/O

В Windows 7 и Windows Server 2008 R2 отключение SMB отключает следующие функциональные возможности. In Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, disabling SMBv2 deactivates the following functionality:

• Составной запрос — позволяет отправлять несколько запросов SMB 2 в виде одного сетевого запроса. Request compounding — allows for sending multiple SMB 2 requests as a single network request
• Большие операции чтения и записи — лучшее использование более быстрых сетей. Larger reads and writes — better use of faster networks
• Кэширование свойств папок и файлов — клиенты сохраняют локальные копии папок и файлов Caching of folder and file properties — clients keep local copies of folders and files
• Устойчивые дескрипторы. разрешение на прозрачное повторное подключение к серверу при наличии временного отключения Durable handles — allow for connection to transparently reconnect to the server if there is a temporary disconnection
• Улучшенная подпись сообщения — HMAC SHA-256 заменяет MD5 как алгоритм хеширования Improved message signing — HMAC SHA-256 replaces MD5 as hashing algorithm
• Улучшенная масштабируемость общего доступа к файлам — число пользователей, общих папок и открытых файлов на сервере значительно увеличилось. Improved scalability for file sharing — number of users, shares, and open files per server greatly increased
• Поддержка символьных ссылок Support for symbolic links
• Модель нежесткой аренды клиента — ограничивает данные, передаваемые между клиентом и сервером, повышая производительность в сетях с высокой задержкой и повышая масштабируемость сервера SMB. Client oplock leasing model — limits the data transferred between the client and server, improving performance on high-latency networks and increasing SMB server scalability
• Поддержка большого MTU — для полного использования 10-гигабе (ГБ) Ethernet Large MTU support — for full use of 10-gigabye (GB) Ethernet
• Повышение эффективности энергопотребления — клиенты, которые имеют открытые файлы на сервере, могут перейти в спящий режим Improved energy efficiency — clients that have open files to a server can sleep

Протокол SMB был впервые появился в Windows Vista и Windows Server 2008, а протокол SMBv3 появился в Windows 8 и Windows Server 2012. The SMBv2 protocol was introduced in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, while the SMBv3 protocol was introduced in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. Дополнительные сведения о возможностях протоколов SMB 2.0 и SMBv3 см. в следующих статьях: For more information about the capabilities of SMBv2 and SMBv3 capabilities, see the following articles:

Удаление SMB v1 How to remove SMB v1

Вот как можно удалить SMBv1 в Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 и Windows 2012 R2. Here’s how to remove SMBv1 in Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 2012 R2.